Leucemia mieloide aguda. Una perspectiva de los mecanismos moleculares del cáncer

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of haematological diseases, phenotipic an genetically heterogeneous, characterised by clonal expansion of myeloid precursors with a decreased capacity of differentiation. The process of leukaemic transformation or leukaemogenesis is a complex multi-step process arising from the accumulation of mutations that modify somewhere the cell signalling system. By studying the molecular basis in different mutations associated with AML, we have began to understand, but not completely, the effects that these play on key processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. In this paper a review is presented on the different mechanisms involved in the process of carcinogenesis, using AML as a model, because it has a large genetic and molecular variability, emphasising the main cytogenetic and genetic damage reported.