Ondansetron in the prophylaxis of acute cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.

M Marty
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Abstract

Nausea and vomiting occur in all patients following high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy, unless an effective anti-emetic is administered. Early clinical studies therefore examined ondansetron treatment to establish an optimal dosing schedule for acute emesis. Pilot studies suggested that a daily dose of 32 mg ondansetron, given as a continuous intravenous infusion or intermittently on a mg/kg basis, gives optimum control of emesis, and was therefore selected for comparative studies. Efficacy was confirmed in two randomised, double-blind, crossover studies comparing ondansetron and metoclopramide. Ondansetron was superior to high-dose metoclopramide in controlling acute emesis and nausea, and there was a significant patient preference for ondansetron. These effects may be related to ondansetron's greater potency as a competitive 5-HT3 antagonist. In addition, ondansetron did not induce any extrapyramidal reactions, confirming the absence of any dopamine antagonist activity.

昂丹司琼预防急性顺铂性恶心呕吐的作用。
恶心和呕吐发生在所有患者在大剂量顺铂化疗后,除非给予有效的止吐药。因此,早期临床研究检查了昂丹司琼治疗,以建立急性呕吐的最佳给药方案。初步研究表明,每日剂量为32mg的昂丹司琼,作为连续静脉输注或以mg/kg为单位间歇输注,可以最佳地控制呕吐,因此被选择用于比较研究。两项比较昂丹司琼和甲氧氯普胺的随机、双盲、交叉研究证实了疗效。在控制急性呕吐和恶心方面,昂丹司琼优于大剂量甲氧氯普胺,患者对昂丹司琼有明显的偏好。这些影响可能与昂丹司琼作为竞争性5-HT3拮抗剂的更大效力有关。此外,昂丹司琼未诱导任何锥体外系反应,证实不存在任何多巴胺拮抗剂活性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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