[Longitudinal epidemiologic study of dracunculosis in the south of Togo].

Abstract

Through an exhaustive study, the authors have demonstrated a clearly defined area of endemic infection in the North West of the ZIO prefecture, in which 80% of the population centers are affected. The rate of incidence can exceed 50%. Transmission occurs mostly in September and October, by means of ponds; the areas of impounded water appear no to be involved. The spontaneous evolution of the endemic infection was followed in two hamlets for four or five years, respectively. After an "epidemic flash", the rate of incidence decreases in the following year to levels near zero thereafter. They only increase violently after the water sources are reinfected by outsiders to the zone. The observation led the authors to put forth the hypothesis of acquired provisional immunity or a temporary decimation of disease vectors. Finally, the authors underline that presently, all the conditions have been met to allow a control of dracunculiasis in this prefecture.