Autopsy-Based Study of Snakebite Fatalities in Guntur Region: A Comprehensive Two-Year Analysis

Abstract

Background: Snakebite envenomation remains a critical public health concern in India, with its substantialmorbidity and mortality burden. Addressing this issue is imperative, as snakebite-related deaths are preventableand yet disproportionately affect vulnerable populations in rural India.Materials and Methods: This autopsy-based study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of lethalsnakebite cases in the Guntur region, Andhra Pradesh by considering case data, autopsy findings and ancillaryinvestigation findings. Additionally, an attempt was made to recommend preventive measures and raise awarenessamong the local population regarding snakebite prevention.Results: Snakebite incidents were more common among males who belonged to the agricultural workforce. Thesebites predominantly occurred during the rainy season and during daylight hours. The majority of victims werefrom rural areas, and the incidence was higher among younger individuals. Most of the bites were localized onthe lower extremities. Additionally, a significant number of victims experienced fatal outcomes within six hoursof envenomation.Conclusion: Snakebite is a highly neglected tropical disease but a preventable one. The Indian government is givingpriority to snakebite venomics, proteomics, and the application of recombinant DNA technology for developingantivenoms, diverging from conventional animal-derived sources. Given the wide-ranging biogeographicdistribution of venom type in venomous snakes, a re-evaluation of the ‘big four’ strategy is being advocated,promoting alternative methods for effective antivenom production.