Forced-motion simulations of vortex-induced vibrations of wind turbine blades – a study of sensitivities

IF 3.6 Q3 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Christian Grinderslev, Felix Houtin-Mongrolle, Niels Nørmark Sørensen, Georg Raimund Pirrung, Pim Jacobs, Aqeel Ahmed, Bastien Duboc
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Abstract

Abstract. Vortex-induced vibrations on wind turbine blades are a complex phenomenon not predictable by standard engineering models. For this reason, higher-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are needed. However, the term CFD covers a broad range of fidelities, and this study investigates which choices have to be made when wanting to capture the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) phenomenon to a satisfying degree. The method studied is the so-called forced-motion (FM) approach, where the structural motion is imposed on the CFD blade surface through mode shape assumptions rather than fully coupled two-way fluid–structure interaction. In the study, two independent CFD solvers, EllipSys3D and Ansys CFX, are used and five different turbulence models of varying fidelities are tested. Varying flow scenarios are studied with low to high inclination angles, which determine the component of the flow in the spanwise direction. In all scenarios, the cross-sectional component of the flow is close to perpendicular to the chord of the blade. It is found that the low-inclination-angle and high-inclination-angle scenarios, despite having a difference equivalent to up to only a 30∘ azimuth, have quite different requirements of both grid resolution and turbulence models. For high inclination angles, where the flow has a large spanwise component from the tip towards the root, satisfying results are found from quite affordable grid sizes, and even with unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) k–ω turbulence, the result is quite consistent with models resolving more of the turbulent scales. For low inclination, which has a high degree of natural vortex shedding, the picture is the opposite. Here, even for scale-resolving turbulence models, a much finer grid resolution is needed. This allows us to capture the many incoherent vortices, which have a large impact on the coherent vortices, which in turn inject power into the blade or extract power. It is found that a good consistency is seen using different variations of the higher-fidelity hybrid RANS–large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence models, like improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES), stress-blended eddy simulation (SBES) and k–ω scale-adaptive simulation (SAS) models, which agree well for various flow conditions and imposed amplitudes. This study shows that extensive care and consideration are needed when modeling 3D VIVs using CFD, as the flow phenomena, and thereby solver requirements, rapidly change for different scenarios.
风力涡轮机叶片涡激振动的强迫运动模拟-敏感性研究
摘要风力涡轮机叶片涡激振动是一种复杂的现象,标准工程模型无法预测。因此,需要更高保真度的计算流体动力学(CFD)方法。然而,CFD这个术语涵盖了广泛的保真度,本研究探讨了在想要捕捉到令人满意的涡激振动(VIV)现象时必须做出哪些选择。所研究的方法是所谓的强迫运动(FM)方法,其中通过模态振型假设而不是完全耦合的双向流固耦合作用将结构运动施加到CFD叶片表面。在研究中,使用了两个独立的CFD求解器EllipSys3D和Ansys CFX,并测试了五种不同保真度的不同湍流模型。研究了低倾角到高倾角的不同流动情况,确定了沿展向流动的组成。在所有情况下,流的横截面分量都接近于垂直于叶片弦。研究发现,在低倾角和高倾角情况下,网格分辨率和湍流模型的要求大不相同,尽管两者的差异只相当于30个°角。对于高倾斜角,其中流动从尖端到根部有很大的展向分量,在相当可承受的网格尺寸下发现了令人满意的结果,即使是非定常的reynolds -average Navier-Stokes (URANS) k -ω湍流,结果与解决更多湍流尺度的模型相当一致。对于低倾斜度,具有高度的自然旋涡脱落,图像是相反的。在这里,即使是尺度分辨的湍流模型,也需要更精细的网格分辨率。这使我们能够捕捉到许多非相干涡旋,它们对相干涡旋有很大的影响,而相干涡旋反过来又向叶片注入动力或提取动力。研究发现,使用不同的高保真混合ranss -大涡模拟(LES)湍流模型,如改进的延迟分离涡模拟(IDDES)、应力混合涡模拟(SBES)和k -ω尺度自适应模拟(SAS)模型,可以看到良好的一致性,这些模型对各种流动条件和施加幅度都很一致。该研究表明,在使用CFD对三维viv进行建模时,由于流动现象以及求解器的要求在不同的场景下会迅速变化,因此需要广泛的关注和考虑。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
27.50%
发文量
115
审稿时长
28 weeks
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