Aged biochar for simultaneous removal of Pb and Cd from aqueous solutions: Method and mechanism

Xinyue Li, Tianyi Wang, Yilin Li, Tonglinxi Liu, Xiulan Ma, Xing Han, Yujun Wang
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Abstract

In this study, we prepared maize stover biochar and used artificial simulated aging to prepare three types of aged biochar. The effects of aging on the adsorption capacity of Pb and Cd of biochar were studied. It was found that the pH, ash, and aromaticity of the aged biochar decreased compared to fresh maize straw biochar. On the contrary, the polarity, oxygenated functional groups, specific surface area, and average pore size of the aged biochar increased. The sorption behavior of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on biochar can be well explained by quasi-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption of Pb2+ in the single metal system was CBC-N (74.401 mg g−1)>CBC (72.959 mg g−1)>CBC-H (69.421 mg g−1)>CBC-F (66.460 mg g−1), the maximum adsorption of Cd2+ was CBC-N (52.983 mg g−1)> CBC-H (52.728 mg g−1) > CBC-F (50.692 mg g−1) > CBC (45.966 mg g−1). The adsorption of both Pb2+ and Cd2+ by biochar is lower in the binary metal system than in the single metal system, implying a competitive relationship and that biochar is more selective for Pb2+ than Cd2+. The mechanisms for removing Pb2+ and Cd2+ from solution by aged biochar consist mainly of pore filling, electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, mineral precipitation, π−π interaction, and surface complexation. This paper demonstrates that aged biochar is an ideal adsorbent but that environmental changes and pollutant types should be considered in practical applications.
陈化生物炭同时去除水溶液中的铅和镉:方法和机理
在本研究中,我们制备了玉米秸秆生物炭,并采用人工模拟老化的方法制备了三种类型的老化生物炭。研究了老化对生物炭吸附铅、镉能力的影响。老化后的玉米秸秆生物炭的pH值、灰分和芳香度均低于新鲜玉米秸秆生物炭。相反,老化生物炭的极性、含氧官能团、比表面积和平均孔径增大。准二级动力学和Langmuir方程可以很好地解释Pb2+和Cd2+在生物炭上的吸附行为。对Pb2+的最大吸附为CBC- n (74.401 mg g−1)>CBC (72.959 mg g−1)>CBC- h (69.421 mg g−1)>CBC- f (66.460 mg g−1),对Cd2+的最大吸附为CBC- n (52.983 mg g−1)>CBC- h (52.728 mg g−1)>CBC- f (50.692 mg g−1)>CBC (45.966 mg g−1)。在二元金属体系中,生物炭对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附均低于单金属体系,表明生物炭对Pb2+的选择性高于Cd2+。老化生物炭去除溶液中Pb2+和Cd2+的机理主要有孔隙填充、静电吸附、离子交换、矿物沉淀、π−π相互作用和表面络合作用。陈化生物炭是一种理想的吸附剂,但在实际应用中需要考虑环境变化和污染物类型。
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