Теоретичні засади моделювання публічно-політичних процесів

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to analyze the theoretical foundations of modeling as a scientific method, which is considered as a promising tool for researching public policy processes.It has been proven that modeling is a broader concept than building models. This concept includes conclusions by analogy as its integral part. Actually, the analogy implies the relationship between the model already given in one way or another and the original, which comes from the political environment, and the result of the study of the model in this case is assumed to be known. It is noted that the concept of the modeling method also includes the very process of building a model or finding it in nature. An important stage in the application of the modeling method is the study of the built model, obtaining the necessary information with its help and, finally, transferring the conclusions regarding the model to the original.It was determined that during the construction, further research of the model and the transfer of the conclusions obtained regarding the model to its original, they rely on the above-described analogy procedures and proceed from the degree of conformity of the model to object modeling. Usually, in the form of models, objects that are equivalent to the original in the relations that interest us, in whole or in part, are used. In the first case, we are talking about isomorphic models, in the second - about homomorphic models. In the case of homomorphic mapping, the purpose of modeling is to implement one or another way of mapping the space of states (parameters or properties) of the object under study to another, in the accepted sense, similar space of smaller dimensions. It is noted that the processes of simplification of the original within the limits allowed by the conditions of the study are of a general nature.It is concluded that there remain many issues for further research, among which the problems of typology, comparative adequacy and effectiveness of models intended for researching different types of public policy processes are highlighted.