Types and Type Theories in Natural Language Analysis

IF 3 1区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Annual Review of Linguistics Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI:10.1146/annurev-linguistics-031422-113929

Peter R. Sutton

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This article reviews the set of possible paths from a semantics based on Simple Type Theories (STTs) toward one based on Rich Type Theories (RTTs) and the motivations behind the move from one to the other. The main elements of this review are threefold. First, it provides a systematic overview of different STTs, including options for what to include as members of the set of basic types, and whether to assume type constructors additional to the one for constructing functional types. Second, this review discusses the main differences between STTs and RTTs, namely, that in RTTs but not in STTs, types are part of the object language. That is, one can refer to and reason with and about types. In turn, this makes available an alternative account of propositions to the one assumed in semantics in the Frege–Church–Montague tradition: Instead of being characterized as sets of possible worlds, propositions can be treated themselves as types, that is, as structured semantic objects. Third and finally, this review provides an outline of some of the main applications of RTTs, including hyperintensionality, quantification, anaphora, polysemy, and modification. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Linguistics, Volume 10 is January 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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自然语言分析中的类型和类型理论

本文回顾了从基于简单类型理论(STTs)的语义到基于丰富类型理论(rtt)的语义的可能路径集，以及从一种转换到另一种背后的动机。这次审查的主要内容有三个方面。首先，它提供了不同stt的系统概述，包括作为基本类型集合的成员包括哪些选项，以及除了用于构造函数类型的类型构造函数之外，是否使用类型构造函数。其次，本文讨论了stt和rtt之间的主要区别，即在rtt中，类型是目标语言的一部分，而在stt中则不是。也就是说，人们可以参照类型，用类型进行推理。反过来，这又为弗雷格-丘奇-蒙塔古传统的语义学假设提供了另一种命题解释:命题可以被视为类型，即结构化的语义对象，而不是被表征为可能世界的集合。最后，本文概述了rtt的一些主要应用，包括高强度、量化、回指、一词多义和修饰。预计最终在线出版日期为语言学年度评论，第10卷是2024年1月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annual Review of Linguistics Multiple-

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

6.20%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Annual Review of Linguistics, in publication since 2015, covers significant developments in the field of linguistics, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and their interfaces. Reviews synthesize advances in linguistic theory, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, language change, biology and evolution of language, typology, as well as applications of linguistics in many domains.