Baryonic Mass Inventory for Galaxies and Rarefied Media from Theory and Observations of Rotation and Luminosity

IF 3.2 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Galaxies Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI:10.3390/galaxies11050100
Anne M. Hofmeister, Robert E. Criss, Hugh Chou
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Available inventories of baryonic mass in the universe are based largely on galactic data and empirical calculations made >20 years ago. Values falling below cosmological estimates underlie proposals that certain rarified gassy regions could have extremely high T, which motivated absorption measurements and hydrodynamic models. Yet, the shortfall remains. We inventory the total baryonic mass, focusing on gravitational interactions and updated measurements. A recent analytical inverse method for analyzing galactic rotation curves quantified how baryon mass and associated volumetric density (ρ) depend on distance (r) from galactic centers. The model is based on the dynamical consequences of the observed oblate shape of galaxies and the Virial Theorem. The parameter-free solution provides ρ(r) ∝ 1/r2 which describes star-rich galactic interiors, gas-rich outer discoids, circumgalactic media, and gradation into intergalactic media. Independent observational determinations of baryonic ρ validate that our 1/r2 result describes baryons alone. This solution shows that total baryonic mass associated with any galaxy is 2.4 to 40 times detectable luminosity, depending on galaxy size and spacing. Luminosity data within 50 Mpc show that Andromeda equivalents separated by ~1 Mpc represent the local universe. Combining the above yields (6 ± 2) × 10−25 kg m−3 for the present-day universe. Three other approaches support this high density: (1) evaluating trends and luminosity data near 1000 Mpc; (2) using a recent estimate for the number of galaxies in the universe; (3) calculating an energy balance. We discuss uncertainties in the critical density. Implications of large baryonic ρ are briefly discussed.
从旋转和光度的理论和观测看星系和稀薄介质的重子质量库存
宇宙中现有的重子质量清单主要基于星系数据和20年前的经验计算。低于宇宙学估计的值是某些稀薄气体区域可能具有极高T的基础,这推动了吸收测量和流体动力学模型。然而,缺口依然存在。我们盘点了重子的总质量,重点关注引力相互作用和最新的测量结果。最近的一种分析星系旋转曲线的解析逆方法量化了重子质量和相关的体积密度(ρ)如何依赖于与星系中心的距离(r)。该模型是基于观测到的星系扁圆形状和维里定理的动力学结果。无参数解提供ρ(r)∝1/r2,它描述了富含恒星的星系内部,富含气体的外盘,环星系介质,以及向星系间介质的渐变。对重子ρ的独立观测证实了我们的1/r2结果只描述了重子。这个解决方案表明,与任何星系相关的总重子质量是可探测光度的2.4到40倍,这取决于星系的大小和间隔。50 Mpc内的光度数据表明,距离约1 Mpc的仙女座等效星系代表了本地宇宙。综合以上结果,现今宇宙的质量为(6±2)× 10−25 kg m−3。其他三种方法支持这种高密度:(1)评估1000 Mpc附近的趋势和亮度数据;(2)利用最近对宇宙中星系数量的估计;(3)计算能量平衡。我们讨论了临界密度的不确定度。简要讨论了大重子ρ的含义。
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来源期刊
Galaxies
Galaxies Physics and Astronomy-Astronomy and Astrophysics
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
12.00%
发文量
100
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Es una revista internacional de acceso abierto revisada por pares que proporciona un foro avanzado para estudios relacionados con astronomía, astrofísica y cosmología. Areas temáticas Astronomía Astrofísica Cosmología Astronomía observacional: radio, infrarrojo, óptico, rayos X, neutrino, etc. Ciencia planetaria Equipos y tecnologías de astronomía. Ingeniería Aeroespacial Análisis de datos astronómicos. Astroquímica y Astrobiología. Arqueoastronomía Historia de la astronomía y cosmología. Problemas filosóficos en cosmología.
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