Indonesian Spaceport Development: Defense and Security Perspectives

Q3 Social Sciences

Astropolitics Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI:10.1080/14777622.2023.2274918

Dini Susanti, Astri Rafikasari

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The development of the Indonesian spaceport on Biak Island from the perspectives of security and defense are expected to be an infrastructure that will support strategic defense, contributing to the security defense of the eastern Indonesian border region and upholding the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Dachyar, M., and Purnomo, H. “Spaceport Site Selection with Analytical Hierarchy Process Decision Making”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 11, no. 10 (2018), 1–8.2 Rafikasari, A. Prospek Kerja Sama Keantariksaan ASEAN untuk Mendukung Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia dalam Konteks Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). (Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia, 2021).3 Beevor, A. The Second World War. (New York: Little, Brown, and Company, 2012).4 Suara Papua. (2019). Jejak Perang Dunia II “Biak Battle”, https://suarapapua.com/2019/07/04/jejak-perang-dunia-ii-biak-battle/ (accessed September 7, 2021).5 Smith, R. R. Triumph in the Philippines: The War in the Pacific. (Washington D.C: University Press of The Pacific, 2005).6 Creswell, J. W., and Creswell, J. D. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Fifth ed. (Los Angeles: SAGE, 2018).7 Cambridge University Press. (2021). Defense, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/defense?q=Defense (accessed September 6, 2021)8 Yasuo, O., Ohkami, Y., Kohtake, N., & Sakurai., T. (2012). Dual-Use Concept on Civil and Defense Uses of Outer Space. Trans JSASS Aerospace Tech Japan, 10.9 Abdullah, Z., Camprubi, M. Z., Ghassemieh, S., Ghosh, A., Hanuschak, G. Z., Hinds, E., & …. Zdanovich, O. (2008). Spaceport: The Necessary Infrastructure for Private Spaceflight. Retrieved from http://commercialspace.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/87095854/Abdullah%20et.%20al.%202011.pdf10 Xinhua, Chen. (2014).China Launch Training Center, Site Selection and Constructions of Launch Site.11 Demiralay, E., Engin, H., and Paksoy, T. Spaceport Selection Using a Novel Hybrid Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP &TOPSIS Based Methodology: A Case Study of Turkey. Journal of Aeronautics and Space Technology, 15 no. 1 (2022).12 Nolek, D., and Finger, G. (2009). Attracting -New Space- to you Spaceport. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautic SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition.13 LAPAN. (2013). Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2013 on Space.14 BPN. (2017). Penetapan Kawasan Strategis Nasional. https://tataruang.atrbpn.go.id/sitarunas/substansi/data?id=36915 LAPAN. (1990). Studi Kelayakan Bandar Antariksa Equator Biak.16 International Space University (ISU). (2008). Future Infrastructure for Space Transportation Final Report.17 Chemical Propulsion Information Agency. (1984). Hazard Of Chemical Rockets and Propellants: Safety. Health and The Environment.18 ISU. Op.cit.19 Pusat KKPA. (2017). Pembangunan Bandar Antariksa: Alternatif Lokasi di Pulau Biak dan Motorai.20 PRTR BRIN. (2020, September 2021). Roket RX450–5 Hasil Litbang BRIN Berhasil Diluncurkan. Retrieved from https://pustekroket.BRIN.go.id/index.php/subblog/read/2020/180/Roket-RX450–5-Hasil-Litbang-BRIN-Berhasil-Diluncurkan/berita21 Ibid.22 Susilawati, E. Makna Pusat Peluncuran Roket di Pulau Motorai: Tinjauan Aspek Pertahanan dan Keamanan. Berita Dirgantara, 14, no. 1, (2013). http://jurnal.BRIN.go.id/index.php/berita_dirgantara/article/view/206223 Nationonline. (2020). Political Map of Indonesia. https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/indonesia_map.htm (accessed August 2023, 1)24 Wilson, W. The Myth of Nuclear Deterrence. 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引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the development of an Indonesian spaceport on Biak Island from defense and security perspectives. Biak Island has a competitive geographic advantage, being close to the equator, and serving as an optimal launch site for spacecraft heading to Geostationary Earth Orbit. Additionally, Biak Island is in the eastern region, directly facing the Pacific Ocean. It serves as a gateway, facilitating direct interaction with neighboring states, giving it strategic value for national sovereignty. Using concepts of national defense and security, and the spaceport as a strategic national area, primary and secondary data related to the spaceport are discussed using qualitative methods. The development of the Indonesian spaceport on Biak Island from the perspectives of security and defense are expected to be an infrastructure that will support strategic defense, contributing to the security defense of the eastern Indonesian border region and upholding the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Dachyar, M., and Purnomo, H. “Spaceport Site Selection with Analytical Hierarchy Process Decision Making”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 11, no. 10 (2018), 1–8.2 Rafikasari, A. Prospek Kerja Sama Keantariksaan ASEAN untuk Mendukung Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia dalam Konteks Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). (Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia, 2021).3 Beevor, A. The Second World War. (New York: Little, Brown, and Company, 2012).4 Suara Papua. (2019). Jejak Perang Dunia II “Biak Battle”, https://suarapapua.com/2019/07/04/jejak-perang-dunia-ii-biak-battle/ (accessed September 7, 2021).5 Smith, R. R. Triumph in the Philippines: The War in the Pacific. (Washington D.C: University Press of The Pacific, 2005).6 Creswell, J. W., and Creswell, J. D. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Fifth ed. (Los Angeles: SAGE, 2018).7 Cambridge University Press. (2021). Defense, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/defense?q=Defense (accessed September 6, 2021)8 Yasuo, O., Ohkami, Y., Kohtake, N., & Sakurai., T. (2012). Dual-Use Concept on Civil and Defense Uses of Outer Space. Trans JSASS Aerospace Tech Japan, 10.9 Abdullah, Z., Camprubi, M. Z., Ghassemieh, S., Ghosh, A., Hanuschak, G. Z., Hinds, E., & …. Zdanovich, O. (2008). Spaceport: The Necessary Infrastructure for Private Spaceflight. Retrieved from http://commercialspace.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/87095854/Abdullah%20et.%20al.%202011.pdf10 Xinhua, Chen. (2014).China Launch Training Center, Site Selection and Constructions of Launch Site.11 Demiralay, E., Engin, H., and Paksoy, T. Spaceport Selection Using a Novel Hybrid Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP &TOPSIS Based Methodology: A Case Study of Turkey. Journal of Aeronautics and Space Technology, 15 no. 1 (2022).12 Nolek, D., and Finger, G. (2009). Attracting -New Space- to you Spaceport. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautic SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition.13 LAPAN. (2013). Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2013 on Space.14 BPN. (2017). Penetapan Kawasan Strategis Nasional. https://tataruang.atrbpn.go.id/sitarunas/substansi/data?id=36915 LAPAN. (1990). Studi Kelayakan Bandar Antariksa Equator Biak.16 International Space University (ISU). (2008). Future Infrastructure for Space Transportation Final Report.17 Chemical Propulsion Information Agency. (1984). Hazard Of Chemical Rockets and Propellants: Safety. Health and The Environment.18 ISU. Op.cit.19 Pusat KKPA. (2017). Pembangunan Bandar Antariksa: Alternatif Lokasi di Pulau Biak dan Motorai.20 PRTR BRIN. (2020, September 2021). Roket RX450–5 Hasil Litbang BRIN Berhasil Diluncurkan. Retrieved from https://pustekroket.BRIN.go.id/index.php/subblog/read/2020/180/Roket-RX450–5-Hasil-Litbang-BRIN-Berhasil-Diluncurkan/berita21 Ibid.22 Susilawati, E. Makna Pusat Peluncuran Roket di Pulau Motorai: Tinjauan Aspek Pertahanan dan Keamanan. Berita Dirgantara, 14, no. 1, (2013). http://jurnal.BRIN.go.id/index.php/berita_dirgantara/article/view/206223 Nationonline. (2020). Political Map of Indonesia. https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/indonesia_map.htm (accessed August 2023, 1)24 Wilson, W. The Myth of Nuclear Deterrence. TheNonproliferation Review, 15, no 3, (2008): 421–439. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700802407101

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印尼太空港发展:国防和安全展望

摘要本文从国防和安全的角度探讨了印尼比亚克岛航天发射场的发展。Biak岛具有地理优势，靠近赤道，是前往地球静止轨道的航天器的最佳发射场。此外，Biak岛位于东部地区，直接面向太平洋。它是一个门户，促进了与邻国的直接互动，赋予了国家主权的战略价值。从国防安全的概念出发，将航天发射场作为国家战略区域，对航天发射场的一手资料和二手资料进行定性分析。从安全和国防的角度来看，印度尼西亚比亚克岛航天发射场的发展预计将成为支持战略防御的基础设施，有助于印度尼西亚东部边境地区的安全防御和维护印度尼西亚共和国的主权。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。[1]杨建军，杨建军，“基于层次分析法的航天发射场选址”，《中国科学技术》，第11期。拉菲卡萨里。中国与东盟的关系:军事革命(2018)，1 - 8。(印尼国立大学，2021)A.比弗尔。(纽约:Little, Brown, and Company, 2012)Suara巴布亚。(2019)。4 . Jejak Perang Dunia II“Biak Battle”，https://suarapapua.com/2019/07/04/jejak-perang-dunia-ii-biak-battle/(访问于2021年9月7日)史密斯r.r.《菲律宾的胜利:太平洋战争》。(华盛顿特区:太平洋大学出版社，2005)《研究设计:定性、定量和混合方法》。(洛杉矶:SAGE, 2018). 5版剑桥大学出版社。(2021)。国防，https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/defense?q=Defense(访问于2021年9月6日)8 Yasuo, O.， Ohkami, Y.， Kohtake, N.， & Sakurai。(2012)。外层空间民用和国防两用概念。transjsass日本航空航天技术公司，10.9 Abdullah, Z.， Camprubi, m.z, Ghassemieh, S.， Ghosh, A.， Hanuschak, g.z .， Hinds, E.， & ....Zdanovich, O.(2008)。太空港:私人太空飞行的必要基础设施。检索自http://commercialspace.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/87095854/Abdullah%20et.%20al.%202011.pdf10新华社，陈。(2014)。中国发射训练中心。发射场选址与建设[j] .德米拉雷，E.，恩格，H.，帕克索，T.。基于毕达哥拉斯模糊层次分析法和topsis的新型混合方法的航天发射场选址:以土耳其为例。航空与空间技术学报，第15期。1(2022)点Nolek, D.和Finger, G.(2009)。吸引-新的空间-给你的太空港。2009年美国航空航天学会空间学术会议与展览会。(2013)。印度尼西亚共和国2013年第21号关于空间14的法律。（2017）. Penetapan Kawasan strategic national。https://tataruang.atrbpn.go.id/sitarunas/substansi/data?id=36915拉潘。(1990)。16 .国际空间大学(ISU)。(2008)。未来空间运输基础设施最终报告。17化学推进信息机构。(1984)。化学火箭和推进剂的危害:安全。《健康与环境》18 ISU。Op.cit.19Pusat KKPA。（2017）. 彭邦古南•安塔里卡萨:印尼岛与机动车的替代方案。(2020年，2021年9月)。火箭RX450-5 Hasil Litbang BRIN Berhasil Diluncurkan。suilawati, E. Makna Pusat Peluncuran Roket di Pulau Motorai: Tinjauan Aspek Pertahanan dan Keamanan。贝丽塔·迪甘塔拉，14岁，no。1,(2013)。http://jurnal.BRIN.go.id/index.php/berita_dirgantara/article/view/206223 Nationonline。(2020)。印尼政治地图。https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/indonesia_map.htm(访问日期:2023年8月1日)24 Wilson, W.核威慑的神话。《防扩散评论》，15，第3期，(2008):421-439。doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700802407101

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来源期刊

Astropolitics Social Sciences-Political Science and International Relations

CiteScore

1.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Astropolitics: The International Journal of Space Politics and Policy is a peer-reviewed academic journal. The journal is dedicated to policy relevant and interdisciplinary analysis of civil, commercial, military, and intelligence space activities. Committed to the highest editorial standards, Astropolitics is the international journal of choice for the academic, policy-maker and professional in the space community.