SPECIAL FEATURES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION OF POLAND AND UKRAINE: COMMONALITIES AND DIFFERENCES, PATHS OF IMPROVEMENT

Abstract

This article examines the peculiarities of the system of physical education in university education in Poland and Ukraine. It compares the common and different aspects of these systems, in particular, programs, approaches to learning and methods of teaching physical education. Attention is drawn to different approaches to the organization of physical activity in the universities of each country, including compulsory courses, clubs and sports events. The article also analyzes the factors that influence the development of physical culture in universities, such as funding, infrastructure and availability of qualified teachers. The activity of physical culture specialists is considered, which is dedicated to determining the physical capabilities of a person, studying the body's reaction to performing physical exercises of different intensity and load; analysis of physiological and psychological mechanisms during exercise; establishment of physiological, hygienic, anatomical, biomechanical bases of training in various sports. The problems of maintaining health, the importance of physical recreation, the preventive value of physical education, and the physical education of persons with mental and physical developmental disabilities are analyzed. It was revealed that Poland went through three stages of development of the physical education system, which have their own characteristic features: the 1st stage (80s of the 20th century - 1991) is characterized by a clear orientation of the Polish system of physical education to the system of physical education in the Soviet Union; the II stage (1991-2004) is characterized by the departure of landmarks in the training of young people, the peculiarity of physical education in this period was that it was aimed mainly at the comprehensive development of the personality; the third stage (2004-2015) is characterized by the restructuring of the physical education system in Poland in accordance with the standards of education in the European Union. In institutions of higher education, physical education involves the joint activity of a teacher and a student to develop those physical qualities and realization of physical abilities that the student would like to develop in himself. In the end, the article provides conclusions about similar features and differences between the systems of physical education in the universities of Poland and Ukraine, and indicates possible ways of further improvement of these systems.