Effect of growing factors on production and fatty acid composition of sunflower schenes

Abstract

The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of selected growing factors on the production, quality, and composition of fatty acids. The field small plot experiments were stablished on research-experimental base in Dolná Malanta in 2018 and 2019. Growing factors and experimental material used in this study were hybrids Carrera, SY Gracia, Marbelia CS and Reasun DS-5 grown by Clearfield and Clearfield Plus technology, and biostimulating preparations Florone (made from hydrolyzed plant proteins formulated with NPK) and Fertisilinn (foliar fertilizer with orthosilicic acid and micronutrients). Statistical analyzes confirmed the significant influence of the year on all monitored parameters of the experiment. For achieved yield and fatty acid content (oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) was more favorable experimental season of 2018. Experimental year 2019 was more suitable for creation of yield-forming elements, oil content, and linoleic acid content. Used hybrids significantly affected the head diameter, weight of thousand achenes, yield, oil content, oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Significant differences between hybrids were achieved mainly in qualitative parameters (oil content, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids). The biostimulating preparations significantly affected yield-forming elements (head diameter, weight of head, and weight of thousand achenes), yield and quality (oil content, and all fatty acid composition), from which it follows that the application of biostimulating preparations affects the main production parameters, and the quality of the oil through fatty acid content. The very strong negative relationship (r=-0.9951; P < 0.01) in fatty acid composition between oleic and linoleic acid was found. In the other side very strong positive relation (r= 0.9882; P < 0.01) between number of plants and number of heads was recorded.