Healthcare Expenditure and Human Development Index as Determinants of Environmental Quality: A Panel Study on Selected Asian Countries

IF 1.3 Q1 AREA STUDIES

Millennial Asia Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI:10.1177/09763996231199642

Maria Sunil Mannanal, N. Rajagopal

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Abstract

This study explores how healthcare expenditure and human development index impact environmental quality in 26 Asian countries during the period 2000–2018. Both aggregate and disaggregate (public and private) variables of healthcare expenditure are used. The dynamic ordinary least squares and augmented mean group estimation techniques are employed to assess the impact of selected variables on environmental quality captured using carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions as a proxy. The causality among the variables is tested using the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test. The outcome of the study showed that scaling aggregate healthcare expenditure, disaggregate healthcare expenditure (public and private) and human development index deteriorates environmental quality. The causality tests confirm a bidirectional association between aggregate healthcare expenditure and CO 2 emissions, disaggregate healthcare expenditure and CO 2 emission and a one-way connection from human development index to CO 2 emission. The study finds that the significant positive impact of healthcare expenditure and human development index on CO 2 emission is a concern, as rising emissions have adverse effects on the environment, public health and global economy. The study highlights the need for policies to promote sustainable development in a way that balances the needs of healthcare, human development and the environment.

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卫生保健支出和人类发展指数作为环境质量的决定因素:对选定亚洲国家的小组研究

本研究探讨了2000-2018年期间26个亚洲国家的医疗保健支出和人类发展指数对环境质量的影响。使用了医疗保健支出的总变量和分类变量(公共和私人)。采用动态普通最小二乘和增广平均群估计技术，以二氧化碳(CO 2)排放为代理，评估选定变量对环境质量的影响。变量之间的因果关系采用dumitrescup - hurlin面板因果关系检验。研究结果表明，按比例计算总医疗保健支出、分类医疗保健支出(公共和私人)和人类发展指数会使环境质量恶化。因果关系检验证实了医疗总支出与co2排放、分类医疗总支出与co2排放之间存在双向关联，人类发展指数与co2排放之间存在单向关联。研究发现，卫生保健支出和人类发展指数对二氧化碳排放的显著积极影响是一个值得关注的问题，因为排放的增加对环境、公共卫生和全球经济都有不利影响。该研究强调需要制定政策，以平衡卫生保健、人类发展和环境的需要，促进可持续发展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Millennial Asia AREA STUDIES-

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

12.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： Millennial Asia: An International Journal of Asian Studies is a multidisciplinary, refereed biannual journal of the Association of Asia Scholars (AAS)–an association of the alumni of the Asian Scholarship Foundation (ASF). It aims to encourage multifaceted, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research on Asia, in order to understand its fast changing context as a growth pole of global economy. By providing a forum for Asian scholars situated globally, it promotes dialogue between the global academic community, civil society and policy makers on Asian issues. The journal examines Asia on a regional and comparative basis, emphasizing patterns and tendencies that go beyond national borders and are globally relevant. Modern and contemporary Asia has witnessed dynamic transformations in cultures, societies, economies and political institutions, among others. It confronts issues of collective identity formation, ecological crisis, rapid economic change and resurgence of religion and communal identifies while embracing globalization. An analysis of past experiences can help produce a deeper understanding of contemporary change. In particular, the journal is interested in locating contemporary changes within a historical perspective, through the use of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. This way, it hopes to promote comparative studies involving Asia’s various regions. The journal brings out both thematic and general issues and the thrust areas are: Asian integration, Asian economies, sociology, culture, politics, governance, security, development issues, arts and literature and any other such issue as the editorial board may deem fit. The core fields include development encompassing agriculture, industry, regional trade, social sectors like health and education and development policy across the region and in specific countries in a comparative perspective.

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