Mechanism of internal thermal runaway propagation in blade batteries

IF 14 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED
Xuning Feng, Fangshu Zhang, Wensheng Huang, Yong Peng, Chengshan Xu, Minggao Ouyang
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Blade batteries are extensively used in electric vehicles, but unavoidable thermal runaway is an inherent threat to their safe use. This study experimentally investigated the mechanism underlying thermal runaway propagation within a blade battery by using a nail to trigger thermal runaway and thermocouples to track its propagation inside a cell. The results showed that the internal thermal runaway could propagate for up to 272 s, which is comparable to that of a traditional battery module. The velocity of the thermal runaway propagation fluctuated between 1 and 8 mm s−1, depending on both the electrolyte content and high-temperature gas diffusion. In the early stages of thermal runaway, the electrolyte participated in the reaction, which intensified the thermal runaway and accelerated its propagation. As the battery temperature increased, the electrolyte evaporated, which attenuated the acceleration effect. Gas diffusion affected thermal runaway propagation through both heat transfer and mass transfer. The experimental results indicated that gas diffusion accelerated the velocity of thermal runaway propagation by 36.84%. We used a 1D mathematical model and confirmed that convective heat transfer induced by gas diffusion increased the velocity of thermal runaway propagation by 5.46%–17.06%. Finally, the temperature rate curve was analyzed, and a three-stage mechanism for internal thermal runaway propagation was proposed. In Stage I, convective heat transfer from electrolyte evaporation locally increased the temperature to 100 °C. In Stage II, solid heat transfer locally increases the temperature to trigger thermal runaway. In Stage III, thermal runaway sharply increases the local temperature. The proposed mechanism sheds light on the internal thermal runaway propagation of blade batteries and offers valuable insights into safety considerations for future design.

Abstract Image

叶片电池内部热失控传播机理
叶片电池广泛应用于电动汽车,但不可避免的热失控是其安全使用的内在威胁。本研究利用钉子触发热失控,并利用热电偶跟踪热失控在电池内的传播,对叶片电池内部热失控的传播机制进行了实验研究。结果表明,内部热失控的传播时间可达272 s,与传统电池模块相当。根据电解质含量和高温气体扩散的不同,热失控的传播速度在1 ~ 8 mm s−1之间波动。在热失控初期,电解质参与了反应,加剧了热失控,加速了热失控的传播。随着电池温度的升高,电解液的蒸发使加速效应减弱。气体扩散通过传热和传质两种方式影响热失控传播。实验结果表明,气体扩散使热失控的传播速度加快了36.84%。利用一维数学模型证实,气体扩散引起的对流换热使热失控传播速度提高了5.46% ~ 17.06%。最后,对温度速率曲线进行了分析,提出了内部热失控传播的三阶段机理。在第一阶段,电解液蒸发的对流换热使局部温度升高到100℃。在第二阶段,固体传热局部升高温度,引发热失控。在第三阶段,热失控使局部温度急剧升高。提出的机制揭示了叶片电池内部热失控的传播,并为未来设计的安全考虑提供了有价值的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
23.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
2875
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