Aging and immunity: Unraveling the complex relationship

Abstract

The process of aging is an inherent facet of human existence, entailing various changes within the body, notably in the immune system. This article explores the profound impact of aging on immunity, elucidating its implications for healthcare, disease vulnerability and overall quality of life. Drawing inspiration from the “Aging and Immunity” special issue of AIMS Allergy and Immunology, this commentary provides a comprehensive perspective on the intricate interplay between aging and immunity. The immune system, a complex shield against pathogens, undergoes a decline in efficacy as individuals age, known as immunosenescence. This decline encompasses reduced immune cell production and communication, rendering older individuals more susceptible to infections and less responsive to vaccines. Additionally, chronic low-grade inflammation, termed inflammaging, emerges as a hallmark of aging and immune system alteration, contributing to age-related diseases. Recent research underscores the connection between the gut microbiota and immune aging, raising the prospect of interventions targeting gut health to enhance immunity in older individuals. Strategies for fortifying immunity in aging populations encompass optimized vaccination approaches, lifestyle modifications, anti-inflammatory interventions, targeted therapies and microbiota-based interventions. Addressing the challenges of aging and immunity necessitates collaborative efforts from policymakers, healthcare providers, researchers and communities, emphasizing healthy aging promotion, evidence-based interventions and equitable healthcare access. By delving into the multifaceted relationship between aging and immunity, this discourse envisions a future where research-driven advancements and holistic public health measures converge to enhance the well-being and resilience of older adults worldwide.