The Effect of Some Lifestyle Behaviours on Male Fertility and Their Effect on Sperm Quality and Linking Its Quality to Fertilization During Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

Abstract

Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy during at least 12 months of consistent and unprotected sexual intercourse. This condition is characterized as a dysfunction of the reproductive system. Only men are thought to be involved in 45% of infertility cases, whereas 20% include both men and women. Male infertility is known to be influenced by variable lifestyle factors like smoking, radiation, or radioactive exposure that may harm biological tissue organs, such as the testis. Although there appears to be a link between increasing exposure to radiofrequency on mobile phones and decreased sperm quality, the evidence is not inconclusive. The primary lifestyle elements that contribute to a decline in male reproductive health are taken into account. These include aging, obesity, poor diet, inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol use, stress, and low-level radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation (from mobile phones and portable computers). This work aims to study the influence of smoking and electromagnetic radiation on the efficiency of fertility in males, their effect on sperm quality and efficiency, and fertilization rate. The study population included 100 couples who were referred to Al Azhar University's International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research's Fertility Clinic for assisted reproduction. The obtained results showed that the smoking male recorded a remarkable decline in sperm count and motility, fertilization rate, and embryo grading. The multifactor group recorded the same results, in addition to a significant increase in abnormal sperm morphology. Conclusion: Personal wrong lifestyles such as smoking and exposure to electromagnetic waves led to a decline in male reproductive health and reduced sperm count, motility, morphology, fertilization rate, and embryo quality.