Pseudomonas syringae induced pathogenicity in Mangifera indica leads to severe apical necrosis

Abstract

Mango apical necrosis caused by Pseudomonas syringae has been documented by the current inquiry. Punjab, Pakistan’s healthy mango output is being threatened by bacterial apical necrosis. Thirty-eight orchards were chosen in three districts (Multan, Khanewal, and Muzaffargarh) with the aim of evaluating the prevalence, incidence, and severity of disease in order to validate the status of mango apical necrosis. According to survey, disorder was widely distributed with 100% prevalence in Multan, Khanewal and 70% in Muzaffargarh. Bacterial apical necrosis highest (0.9%) incidence was recorded in Multan, Khanewal and lowest (0.5%) in Muzaffargarh. Pathogens were identified based on 16S rRNA gene analysis as Pseudomonas syringae (strain ICMP 3023, NCPPB 281, ATCC 19310, tomato strain DC3000), Pseudomonas putida (strain ATCC 12633), Pseudomonas savastanoi (ATCC 13522) and Pseudomonas syringae pv . phaseolicola (1448A). After the first, second, and third weeks of artificial inoculation, results for pathogenicity were obtained. Tobacco, potato tubers, mango leaves, tomatoes, and lemon fruit samples were tested against all the identified strains and lemon was found vulnerable among them. The host least prone to P. syringae infection was the potato. Toxin was extracted by methanol: chloroform from the cell-free culture of P. syringae for toxin analysis. P.S. ICMP 3023, one of the four P. syringae pv isolates, was the most virulent and caused illness in all the host plants. In the future, TLC analysis of the mango apical necrosis toxins will be necessary, and research will be beneficial for management techniques.