Research Progress on Bionic Recognition and Biosensors for the Detection of Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) refers to kidney damage caused by diabetes and is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes. This disease has a certain degree of concealment in the early stage, with clinical symptoms appearing later and a higher mortality rate. Therefore, the detection of early biomarkers for DN is of great importance in reducing kidney function damage. The common biomarkers for DN mainly include glomerular and tubular lesion markers. At present, clinical diagnosis often uses a combination of multiple indicators and symptoms, and the development of a simple, efficient, and sensitive multi-marker detection platform is particularly important for the early diagnosis of DN. In recent years, with the vigorous development of various biomimetic molecular recognition technologies, biomimetic recognition biosensors (BRBS) have many advantages, such as easy preparation, low cost, high stability, and repeatability under harsh environmental conditions, and have great application potential in the analysis of DN biomarkers. This article reviews the research progress of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) construction technology and aptamers assembly technology developed in the field of biomimetic sensor research in recent years, as well as the detection of DN biomarkers based on BRBS, and prospects for their development.