Obesity and Lifestyle Changes: A Global Risk Factor for Cancer

Abstract

Obesity is a well-established risk for numerous cancers. It is found to significantly increase the risk of developing post-menopausal breast, colorectal, endometrial, kidney, esophageal, pancreatic, liver, and gallbladder cancer. In fact, studies have shown that excess body fat can lead to an approximate 17% higher risk of cancer-specific mortality. Moreover, research has also linked obesity to other common cancers such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, gallbladder cancer, uterine cancer, pancreatic cancer, and liver cancer. Not only does obesity increase the risk of developing these cancers, but it can also impact the outcome and treatment choices for individuals diagnosed with cancer. In fact, Obesity is estimated to be responsible for about four to eight percent of all cancers. Understanding mechanisms at work by which obesity contributes to the development of cancer is complex and still not fully understood. However, changing lifestyles such as adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, and behavior therapy have been shown to be effective interventions. In some cases, weight loss surgery and drug therapy may be considered for a specific group of cancer survivors who are also dealing with obesity. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the importance of recognizing the epidemiology and risks associated with cancer in obese individuals. It also underscores the significance of managing obesity through various interventions to reduce the incidence and recurrence of cancer.