Single and combined effect of fluoride and hardness of drinking water on nephrotoxicity: <em>in-vivo</em> study using Wistar rats as an animal model

IF 0.4 4区 综合性期刊 Q4 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
K.T. Dilrukshi, D.H. Beneragama, T.S. Suresh, J.K.P. Wanigasuriya, P.M. Manage
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Abstract

Drinking water in areas with a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka is known to have high concentrations of fluoride and hardness. The present study evaluated the individual and combined effects of water hardness and fluoride on potential nephrotoxicity, using Wistar rats as an animal model. Thirty-five Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n=7). Test groups F, H, RL, and RH were given de-ionized water containing 1.5 mg/L fluoride, 200 mg/L hardness, 1.5:200 mg/L fluoride: hardness, and 5:800 mg/L fluoride: hardness respectively, while control group C was given de-ionized water. Body weight and daily water consumption were measured. Serum creatinine, urine creatinine, and urinary biomarker KIM-1 were analyzed. Histopathological changes in the kidneys were observed. There were no significant differences in body weights (p>0.05) while daily water consumption was reduced significantly in the test groups RL and RH (p<0.05). A significant increment in serum creatinine in the RL and RH groups (p<0.05), and a significant reduction in urine creatinine in the F, H, RL and RH groups (p<0.05), were recorded compared to the control. However, the highest magnitude of the effect on serum creatinine and urine creatinine was recorded in the RL group. Significant increment in KIM-1 levels were recorded in the RH group (p<0.05) while the RH group indicated a more rapid increment from the 28th day. When considering histopathology, renal tubular changes were observed in the test groups. The individual and combined effects of water hardness and fluoride may contribute to the aetiology of CKDu in Sri Lanka.
氟化物和饮用水硬度对肾毒性的单一和联合影响:体内<em> /em>以Wistar大鼠为动物模型进行研究
众所周知,在斯里兰卡病因不明的慢性肾病高发地区的饮用水氟化物浓度和硬度很高。本研究以Wistar大鼠为动物模型,评估了水硬度和氟化物对潜在肾毒性的单独和联合影响。35只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组(n=7)。F组、H组、RL组、RH组分别给予含氟1.5 mg/L、硬度200 mg/L、硬度1.5:200 mg/L、硬度5:8 00mg /L的去离子水,C组对照组给予去离子水。测量体重和每日饮水量。分析血清肌酐、尿肌酐和尿液生物标志物KIM-1。观察肾脏组织病理学改变。RL组和RH组的体重差异不显著(p < 0.05),日饮水量显著降低(p < 0.05)。与对照组相比,RL和RH组血清肌酐显著升高(p < 0.05), F、H、RL和RH组尿肌酐显著降低(p < 0.05)。然而,RL组对血清肌酐和尿肌酐的影响最大。RH组小鼠KIM-1水平显著升高(p < 0.05), RH组小鼠KIM-1水平从第28天开始显著升高。考虑到组织病理学,在实验组中观察到肾小管的改变。水硬度和氟化物的单独和综合影响可能是斯里兰卡CKDu的病因。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
57
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka (JNSF) publishes the results of research in Science and Technology. The journal is released four times a year, in March, June, September and December. This journal contains Research Articles, Reviews, Research Communications and Correspondences. Manuscripts submitted to the journal are accepted on the understanding that they will be reviewed prior to acceptance and that they have not been submitted for publication elsewhere.
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