Study on the Name of "Nanking Cloth" and the Role of Nanjing in Jiangnan Textile Export Trade at the End of Ming Dynasty

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Abstract

With the discovery of Portuguese and Spanish voyages extended to China in the 16th century, foreign economic activities in the Ming Dynasty were further developed, especially under the huge market needs in Europe and America, a large number of high-quality silk and cotton fabrics in the Jiangnan area continued to be sold overseas. Since the early Qing Dynasty, many cotton fabrics called "Nanking cloth" have emerged on the British East India Company's China trade list. However, it is well known that Nanjing was an important center of silk weaving in the Ming Dynasty, rather than a cotton producing area. The name is closely related to the role of Nanjing in the tribute trade system of Ming Dynasty and the administrative divisions of Ming and Qing dynasties. First of all, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Nanjing, as the secondary capital of the dynasty, still had important political and economic functions in the tribute system, and it was not only the only place to pay tribute to countries in the East and West Asia. Moreover, the convenient transportation between the Jiangnan textile producing area of Nanjing and the export port of Fujian and Guangdong also provided great convenience for the tribute and export trade in the late Ming Dynasty. In addition, the British businessmen in the Qing Dynasty named Jiangnan cotton goods as a region, and "Nanjing" was the old name of Jiangnan administrative area in the Ming Dynasty. In the 17th-18th century, when the update of Western map data lagged behind, Europeans' ideas were influenced by geographical mapping, and it was still called "NANKING" according to the Ming Dynasty geography, and the Susong area was a part of southern kingdom (Nanjing). The cotton cloth produced in its place is called "Nanking cloth".
明末“南京布”之名及南京在江南纺织品出口贸易中的作用研究
随着16世纪葡萄牙、西班牙航海家的发现延伸到中国,明朝对外经济活动进一步发展,特别是在欧美巨大的市场需求下,江南地区大量优质的丝绸、棉织品不断销往海外。清初以来,英国东印度公司对华贸易清单上出现了许多被称为“南京布”的棉织物。然而,众所周知,南京在明代是一个重要的丝绸编织中心,而不是一个棉花产区。这个名字与南京在明朝朝贡贸易体系中的作用以及明清两代的行政区划密切相关。首先,在明朝中后期,南京作为王朝的次都城,在朝贡制度中仍然具有重要的政治经济功能,它不仅是东西亚各国唯一的进贡地。此外,南京江南纺织产地与福建、广东出口口岸之间便利的交通,也为明末的贡品贸易和出口贸易提供了极大的便利。此外,清代英国商人将江南棉织品命名为一个地区,“南京”是明代江南行政区域的旧称。17 -18世纪,在西方地图资料更新滞后的情况下,欧洲人的思想受到地理制图的影响,仍按明代地理称其为“南京”,苏松地区为南国(南京)的一部分。在这里生产的棉布被称为“南京布”。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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