Reforming Quebec’s Surrogacy Laws

IF 0.1 Q4 LAW
Stefanie Carsley
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Abstract

In October 2021, the Quebec government introduced Bill 2, which proposed significant reforms to Quebec’s surrogacy laws. Quebec’s Minister of Justice emphasized that Bill 2 was intended to better account for the needs and lived realities of Quebec families. He also specified that its surrogacy provisions aimed to prioritize the best interests of children while also protecting surrogates’ rights. This article explores Bill 2’s proposed reforms to Quebec’s surrogacy laws and their implications for surrogates, intended parents, and the children born through these arrangements. I argue that while Bill 2’s proposals would go a long way towards legitimizing and regulating surrogacy arrangements, the bill leaves a series of important questions unanswered and may have effects that run counter to lawmakers’ objectives.The reader should be advised that when this article was being edited and typeset in preparation for publication, the Quebec government re-introduced Bill 2 as « Bill 12 » with some minor modifications to its provisions pertaining to surrogacy. Notably, Bill 12 clarifies that the surrogate will remain the child’s legal parent, and a court will not have discretion to modify the child’s filiation, in the event the surrogate refuses to give up their parental rights following the birth. However, given the similarities between the two bills, this article’s commentary and criticisms remain highly relevant and timely with respect to Bill 12’s proposed reforms to Quebec’s surrogacy laws.
改革魁北克的代孕法律
2021年10月,魁北克政府提出了第2号法案,对魁北克的代孕法进行了重大改革。魁北克司法部长强调,第2号法案的目的是更好地考虑到魁北克家庭的需要和生活现实。他还特别指出,有关代孕的规定旨在优先考虑儿童的最大利益,同时也保护代孕者的权利。本文探讨了法案2对魁北克代孕法的改革建议,以及它们对代孕者、准父母和通过这些安排出生的孩子的影响。我认为,虽然法案2的提议将在合法化和规范代孕安排方面走得很远,但该法案留下了一系列重要的问题没有得到解决,可能会产生与立法者的目标背道而驰的影响。读者应该被告知,当这篇文章被编辑和排版准备出版时,魁北克政府重新引入了第2号法案作为“第12号法案”,并对其有关代孕的规定进行了一些小的修改。值得注意的是,第12号法案澄清,如果代孕母亲在孩子出生后拒绝放弃其父母权利,代孕母亲仍将是孩子的法定父母,法院将没有自由裁量权修改孩子的亲子关系。然而,鉴于两项法案之间的相似之处,本文的评论和批评对于第12号法案对魁北克代孕法的拟议改革仍然是高度相关和及时的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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