Effect of Sonication Frequency and Power Intensity on the Disruption of Algal Cells: Under Vacuum and Non-Vacuum Conditions

IF 0.9 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Martin Darmasetiawan, Prayatni Soewondo, Suprihanto Notodarmodjo, Dion Awfa
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The presence of algae caused by anthropogenic eutrophication in water has become a severe environmental issue. Various treatment options for algae removal have been developed, such as filtration, coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, algicides, ozone, and photolysis. However, these technologies are complex, expensive, consume considerable amounts of various chemicals, and may cause further pollution (i.e., by-product formation). Ultrasonic exposure is an alternative method for removing algae from water that is environmentally friendly (i.e., no addition of chemicals) and almost unaffected by any turbidity in the water. In this study, process optimization of ultrasonication (e.g., by adjusting frequency, power intensity, and exposure time) for the removal of alga was tested under vacuum and non-vacuum conditions. Experiments were conducted on a batch of algae solution in a clear glass tube ultrasonicated by a 20 kHz transducer for 180 minutes. The tube was depressurized up to -67 N/m2 in a depressurizing chamber. The data was collected at transducer depths of 0.06, 0.13, and 0.19 m. It was concluded that the optimum condition (i.e., 92% algal cell disruption) was achieved when the power intensity was 7 kWh/m3, under vacuum conditions, at a frequency of 20 kHz and 180 minutes of exposure time. Higher power intensity gave higher energy for cell disruption, moreover by depressurizing the air above the algae solution, the lysis effect for algae reduction increased from 20% to 70% compared to the non-depressurized system due to higher cavitation bubble production. In addition, the depth of the transducer was another factor that could increase the lysis of the algae water. Therefore, this technology has future potential application for algae removal from water.
超声频率和功率强度对海藻细胞破坏的影响:在真空和非真空条件下
人为水体富营养化引起的藻类存在已成为一个严重的环境问题。目前已开发出多种除藻方法,如过滤、混凝、沉淀、浮选、杀藻剂、臭氧和光解。然而,这些技术复杂、昂贵、消耗大量各种化学品,并可能造成进一步的污染(即产生副产品)。超声波暴露是一种从水中去除藻类的替代方法,它对环境友好(即不添加化学物质),几乎不受水中任何浊度的影响。本研究在真空和非真空条件下,对超声波除藻的工艺优化(如调整频率、功率强度和曝光时间)进行了试验。将一批藻类溶液置于透明玻璃管中,用20 kHz换能器超声处理180分钟。管子在减压室中减压至-67 N/m2。数据采集于传感器深度0.06、0.13和0.19 m处。结果表明,在真空条件下,功率强度为7 kWh/m3,频率为20 kHz,照射时间为180 min时,藻细胞破坏率达到92%。更高的功率强度为细胞破坏提供了更高的能量,而且通过减压藻类溶液上方的空气,由于更高的空化气泡产生,与非减压系统相比,藻类减少的裂解效果从20%增加到70%。此外,换能器的深度是增加藻类水裂解的另一个因素。因此,该技术在去除水中藻类方面具有潜在的应用前景。
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来源期刊
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
11.10%
发文量
77
审稿时长
24 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences welcomes full research articles in the area of Engineering Sciences from the following subject areas: Aerospace Engineering, Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Engineering Physics, Environmental Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Information Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering, Manufacturing Processes, Microelectronics, Mining Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, and other application of physical, biological, chemical and mathematical sciences in engineering. Authors are invited to submit articles that have not been published previously and are not under consideration elsewhere.
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