MANIFESTATION OF “PLANT HEIGHT” SIGN OF WINTER WHEAT DEPENDING ON PRECITATION IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE NON-BLACK SOIL ZONE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PRODUCTIVITY

Abstract

The research was carried out in order to identify the response of the trait plant height of winter wheat varieties to moisture conditions during the growing season. The work was carried out in 2010-2020 in Ryazan region. The object of the study was 9 varieties of winter soft wheat: Zarya, Inna, Pamyati Fedina, Moskovskaya 39, Angelina, Moskovskaya 56, Viola, Danaya, Felitsiya. The studies were carried out on a natural background in the nursery of competitive variety testing on plots of 10.0 m2. The soil of the experimental plot is dark gray forest, heavy loamy, of medium fertility. The main part of the varieties was included in the group of undersized (80 ... 100 cm) and only Zarya variety, which has a height of 104 cm, is classified as medium. The difference between the minimum and maximum plant heights of the studied varieties, which varied from 30 cm (Felitsiya) to 45 cm (Inna), indicates the dependence of this indicator on the growing conditions. The reliability of differences between the effects of genotypes, environments and their interactions has been established. The greatest contribution (43.8%) to the dispersion of plant height was made by the “genotype×environment” interaction, the contribution of the genotype was 38.0%, of the environment – 8.9%. A close negative relationship was found between lodging resistance and plant height (r=-0.779). The most resistant to lodging varieties are Angelina, Viola, Danae and Felicia (8.0 points or more). The yield of modern varieties Viola, Danaya and Felitsiya (6.27 ... 7.02 t/ha) with the same technology is 30 ... 45% higher. Significant varietal differences were found in the effect of precipitation in autumn and spring-summer periods on plant height. A weak and medium inverse relationship was noted between plant height and September precipitation (r=-0.338…-0.739), as well as a very weak to moderate direct relationship with precipitation in the first decade of October (r=+0.172…+0.588) and a direct relationship with total precipitation in May (r=+0.121…+0.859), especially in the second decade (r=+0.367…+0.643).