Analysis of anamnestic data and their significance in predicting the course of glaucoma in dogs

Abstract

Glaucoma is a dangerous disease for all animal species, as it is accompanied by intractable pain and progressive loss of vision. It is widely known that the classification of the disease is based on the state of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye (open-angle and closed-angle), as well as on concomitant factors, such as the condition of the iris, lens. Due to the high incidence of glaucoma in animals, especially in dogs, the scientific article discusses the risk factors for the occurrence and development of glaucoma, as well as the analysis of anamnestic data was also performed. The objects of the study were dogs in the amount of 23 animals of different breeds and sex and age groups. The study was conducted at the Department of Veterinary Surgery of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Academy of Higher Education MSAVM&B - MVA named after K.I. Scriabin, as well as the VC «CUVO&M». All animals underwent an ophthalmological examination using a head magnifying glass and a slit lamp, measurement of intraocular pressure and gonioscopy. A diagnosis of glaucoma was made. Particular attention was paid to the iridocorneal angle, the state of the trabecular meshwork, the position of the iris, the presence of fibrinous or hemorrhagic exudate in the anterior chamber, and the localization of the lens were assessed. To achieve the goal of the study, the severity of the manifestation of the disease and its course were established. When analyzing the data of the anamnesis, it was revealed that dogs of the French bulldog and mestizo breeds were most often ill with glaucoma. The age of the animals most susceptible to this disease was 5-10 years. Based on the data of a comprehensive examination, the type of glaucoma that most often occurred in dogs was established: angle-closure secondary. The risk factors for glaucoma were goniodysgenesis, lens luxation, trauma, arterial hypertension, swelling cataract, fibrinous iridocyclitis, postoperative complication. Patterns were revealed between the form of the disease and the risk factors noted in each clinical case, which makes it possible to predict the course of the disease and the preservation of vision. The analysis of the history data made it possible to establish the most important prognostic factors for the onset of glaucoma in dogs and to determine a number of criteria for identifying the primary goals of the therapeutic approach to glaucoma.