Navigating Migration Risks: The Role of Risk Perception and Information Engagement Among Moldovans

Abstract

This study examines migration risk perception and information engagement by potential migrants from Moldova. Employing a qualitative interview approach ( N = 30), it explores the behaviors, intentions, and perceptions that underpin how potential migrants understand labor migration risks. It establishes a robust connection between risk perception and the active pursuit of pertinent information. The study offers a matrix that illustrates the interplay between migration risk perception (high vs. low) and type of risk (individual vs. systemic). It finds that respondents in the High Risk — Systemic group refrain from seeking information, viewing all migration as inherently highly risky due to systemic factors beyond their control. The Low Risk — Systemic group believes migration carries relatively low risks, but that these risks are not individually manageable. The Low Risk — Individual group engages passively with safe migration information because of their perception of low risk. The High Risk — Individual group actively seeks information about safe migration, believing that they can overcome potential risks. In short, the study finds that potential migrants’ perception and understanding of risk shapes their engagement with safe migration information. The study also highlights gender disparities in risk perception and response. While women emphasize concerns tied to sexual exploitation and separation from family, men are more likely to fear fatal accidents and industry-specific exploitation. The study’s findings should inform the development of policy frameworks and migration information campaigns that reflect diverse perceptions and understandings of migration risk. Policy Recommendations: To mitigate migration risks and promote safer practices, policymakers at various levels, including the Moldovan government, international agencies (e.g., IOM, UNHCR, and ILO), non-governmental organizations (like LaStrada), and EU bodies, should: Tailor public education and communication campaigns for diverse risk factors, using different messaging for varying risk perceptions. Address gender-specific concerns with practical advice and resources. Develop comprehensive risk awareness programs covering physical, emotional, and psychological challenges. Use diverse channels (hotlines, online platforms, and workshops) to reach a broader audience. Strengthen embassy services, ensuring staff are informed about migration risks, challenges, and effective outreach and education strategies. Collaborate with mental health professionals to provide psychosocial support. Engage returnee migrants as credible sources of information and advice. Include migration topics in school curricula to enhance migration risk preparedness. By acknowledging risk perception and adapting information strategies accordingly, policymakers at international, regional, and local levels can create effective initiatives and communicating strategies for secure migration.