Bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated environment: developed strategies and potential use of biosurfactants as chelators

IF 1.6 Q3 WATER RESOURCES
Mnif Inès, Salwa Mekki, Ghribi Dhouha
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Abstract

Abstract Heavy metal pollution damages the ecosystems and presents a major problem for public health. Thus, an urgent need was developed to decrease the high levels of heavy metals in the soil and aquatic environments. With this aim, numerous physicochemical strategies were developed. However, they are money-consuming, require the use of energy and chemical additives and can release secondary compounds that can pollute and cause great damage to the environment. Then, biological methods based on the investigation of bacteria, fungi and plants along with their derived secondary active metabolites became the best alternatives. Using plant capacities, different phytoremediation strategies were developed such as phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, rhizofiltration and phytostabilization. Regarding bioremediation, bacterial biosorption of heavy metals, biolixiviation and lagooning offer great potential for their environmental cleaning. Additionally, the use of secondary active metabolites, such as biosurfactants, is well-studied. Generally, they are a class of structurally very varied molecules commonly synthesized by many microorganisms with amphiphilic character. Owing to their anionic charge, they have the capacity to sequestrate heavy metals permitting their elimination. Glycolipids and lipopeptides are among the most recognized biosurfactants with interesting heavy metal chelating properties.
重金属污染环境的生物修复:生物表面活性剂作为螯合剂的发展策略和潜在用途
重金属污染危害生态系统,是危害公众健康的重大问题。因此,迫切需要减少土壤和水生环境中高浓度的重金属。为了达到这个目的,许多物理化学策略被开发出来。然而,它们是花钱的,需要使用能源和化学添加剂,并可能释放出污染和对环境造成巨大破坏的二次化合物。因此,基于对细菌、真菌和植物及其衍生的次生活性代谢物的研究的生物学方法成为最佳选择。利用植物的能力,开发了不同的植物修复策略,如植物提取、植物挥发、根茎过滤和植物稳定。在生物修复方面,细菌对重金属的生物吸附、生物溶出和泻湖化等具有很大的环境净化潜力。此外,次生活性代谢物(如生物表面活性剂)的使用也得到了很好的研究。一般来说,它们是一类结构非常多样的分子,通常由许多具有两亲性的微生物合成。由于它们的阴离子电荷,它们具有隔离重金属的能力,从而使重金属得以消除。糖脂和脂肽是最公认的生物表面活性剂之一,具有有趣的重金属螯合特性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
6.20%
发文量
136
审稿时长
14 weeks
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