Natural convection of hybrid nanofluid with magnetic and thermal effects over an inclined needle

Abstract

Hybrid nanofluids have several potential applications in various industries, including electronics cooling, automotive cooling systems, aerospace engineering, and biomedical applications. The primary goal of the study is to provide more information about the characteristics of a steady and incompressible stream of a hybrid nanofluid flowing over a thin inclined needle. This fluid consists of two types of nanoparticles: non-magnetic nanoparticles (Aluminium oxide) and magnetic nanoparticles (Ferrous oxide). The base fluid for this nanofluid is a mixture of water and ethylene glycol in a 50:50 ratio. The effects of inclined magnetic fields and Joule heating on the hybrid nanofluid flow are considered. The Runge-Kutta fourth-order method is used to numerically solve the partial differential equations, governing equations, which are then converted into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. Natural convection refers to the fluid flow that arises due to buoyancy forces caused by temperature differences in a fluid. In the context of an inclined needle, the shape and orientation of the needle have significantly affected the flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics of the nanofluid. These analyses protest that raising the magnetic parameter estates an increase in the hybrid nanofluid thermal profile under slip circumstances. Utilizing the potential of hybrid nanofluids in a variety of technical applications, such as energy systems, biomedicine, and thermal management, requires an understanding of and ability to manipulate these effects.