EVALUATION OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF KOSTROMA REGION

Abstract

The results of the analysis indicate that over the past three decades, the dairy farming industry in our country has undergone significant changes. For the period from 1990 to 2021, in general, throughout the Russian Federation there was a reduction in the number of cows by 12 773.3 thousand heads or 62.1%. Despite the increase in milk productivity of cows in farms of all categories in the Russian Federation by 2257 kg or 82.7%, milk production in 2021 amounted to 58% of production volumes in 1990, and in Kostroma region, milk production in farms of all categories decreased by 249.7 thousand tons or by 68.9%. According to the Federal State Statistics Service, consumption of milk and dairy products per capita in the Russian Federation in 2021 compared to 1990 decreased by 146 kg or 37.7% and amounted to 241 kg per person per year, which is below the recommended consumption rate Ministry of Health of Russia. The level of self-sufficiency in milk and dairy products (in terms of milk) in 2021 was 84.2% (with a food security threshold of at least 90%). Kostroma region, subject to the effective use of vast land resources, the use of innovative technologies for keeping and feeding animals, can significantly increase production indicators in dairy cattle breeding. Fundamental changes in the industry are possible only on the basis of an integrated approach on the part of all interested participants and the effective use of regional and federal support, a flexible system of state planning and regulation, ensuring stimulation of the production activities of organizations and saturation of the market with competitive dairy products.