Dosimetric characterization of double network Fricke hydrogel based on PVA-GTA and phenylalanine peptide derivative

Abstract

Abstract A double network hydrogel based on Poly(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA) cross-linked with Glutaraldehyde (GTA) was recently developed by using self-assembling phenylalanine (Phe) peptide derivative (Fmoc-Phe-Phe-OMe), with the aim to improve the mechanical-elastic properties of PVA-GTA hydrogels. In this study, a characterization of the properties of Xylenol Orange based Fricke gel dosimeters obtained by infusing a Fricke solution into the double network hydrogel was performed. The gel dosimeters were irradiated with 6 MV and 15 MV X-rays produced by a medical linear accelerator and investigated by means optical absorbance measurements. 
The double network hydrogel formulation maintained a satisfactory level of radiological water-equivalence within the investigated radiotherapy range. Fricke gel dosimeters prepared with such network kept the desired properties of independence of the response of the dose rate and energy in the investigated intervals. Furthermore, the addition of self-assembling Phe peptide derivative proved not avoid the motion of radio-inducted ferric ions into the hydrogel, probably maintaining the main characteristics of the standard, no Phe peptide infused, formulation. The time course of formation of the optical response after the irradiation was observed to be similar to what previously measured in traditional PVA-GTA Fricke gel dosimeters, while a decrease of the sensitivity to radiation dose of the order of 30% was found. The extent of the decrease does not seem such as to impair the use of these dosimeters for evaluation of doses typical of radiation therapy applications. 
The overall dosimetric properties, coupled with the mechanical-elastic characteristics of the double network hydrogel, pave the way to the development of phantoms able both to mimic the deformation of organs possibly occurring during radiotherapy treatments and at the same time to assess the 3D dose distribution within such volumes.