Beginnings of wetland science in Britain: Agnes Arber and William H. Pearsall

Arnold van der Valk
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Abstract

Agnes Arber (1879-1960) and William H. Pearsall (1891-1964) were two of England’s most influential antecedent wetland scientists. Arber was a plant anatomist specializing in monocotyledons, whose only major contribution to wetland science was her 1920 book, Water Plants. It was the first compendium of information on wetland plants in English and summarized the literature on their life histories, anatomies, ecologies, and evolution. It remained the standard reference on wetland plants for decades after its publication. William Pearsall began studying the ecology of wetland plants in the lakes of the English Lake District as a young man. This early research (1913-1920), which he did with the help of his school-teacher father, identified the environmental factors (substrate type, siltation rates, maximum light penetration, wave action, etc.) that determined the distribution of wetland plants and changes in the lake basins over time. In the late 1930s, Pearsall pioneered measuring electrical potential (redox) in soils to characterize their chemical status (oxidizing or reducing). He documented that soil electrical potentials became more negative as soils flooded and increased in organic matter. Pearsall also played a major role in the establishment (1929) and initial research program (Honorary Director, 1931-1937) of the Freshwater Biological Association, Britain’s first research organization dedicated to studying aquatic systems.
英国湿地科学的开端:Agnes Arber和William H. Pearsall
Agnes Arber(1879-1960)和William H. Pearsall(1891-1964)是英国之前最有影响力的两位湿地科学家。阿伯是一位专门研究单子叶植物的植物解剖学家,她对湿地科学的唯一主要贡献是她1920年出版的《水生植物》一书。这是第一本英文湿地植物信息汇编,对湿地植物的生活史、解剖学、生态学和进化等方面的文献进行了综述。它在出版后的几十年里一直是湿地植物的标准参考。威廉·皮尔索尔(William Pearsall)年轻时就开始研究英国湖区湖泊湿地植物的生态学。这项早期研究(1913-1920)是他在教师父亲的帮助下完成的,确定了决定湿地植物分布和湖盆随时间变化的环境因素(基质类型、淤积率、最大光穿透率、波浪作用等)。在20世纪30年代后期,Pearsall率先测量土壤中的电位(氧化还原)来表征其化学状态(氧化或还原)。他记录了随着土壤淹水和有机质增加,土壤电位变得更负。皮尔索尔还在淡水生物协会的建立(1929年)和最初的研究计划(名誉主任,1931-1937年)中发挥了重要作用,该协会是英国第一个致力于研究水生系统的研究组织。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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