Larvicidal and mortality activities of ethanolic extract from Euphorbia indica against Aedes aegypti and Culex vishnui larvae

Abstract

This study aimed to ascertain the larvicidal and mortality activities of crude ethanolic extract derived from Euphorbia indica against larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex vishnui. A preliminary test was conducted in order to ascertain the mortality rate ranging from 10% to 90%. The concentrations for the final test encompassed a range from 0.0998 g/L to 1.498 g/L alongside a single negative control. The LC50 and LC90 values of the ethanolic extract derived from Euphorbia indica leaf were determined to be 466.90 g/L and 868.42 g/L, respectively. The larvicidal effect of Euphorbia indica leaf is attributed to a chemical component that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA pathway. The collected data was subjected to analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. Probit analysis was employed to examine the LD50 and LD90 values. The minimal lethal dose that resulted in 100% mortality of Culex vishnui larvae was determined to be 0.2 g/100 ml (p=0.01). The probit analysis yielded LD50 and LD90 values of 0.01 g/100 ml and 0.06 g/100 ml of aquades in Culex vishnui, respectively. The larvicidal efficacy of the dose was determined to have an LD90 value of 0.06 g/100 ml of aquades, but the LD50 value was found to be 0.01 g/100 ml of aquades. The assessment of Culex vishnui treatment involved comparing the number of mortality larvae and the number of living larvae from each treatment to the control group. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract derived from the leaves of Euphorbia indica exhibits promising potential for developing mosquito larvicides.