Spatial Analysis of Mycobacterium Ulcerans-Hosting Water Bug Critical Zones in the Amansie West District of Ghana

Doris Saah, Jeff Dacosta Osei, Peter Damoah-Afari
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Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized Buruli ulcer (BU), a skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), as the third most prevalent mycobacterial disease in 1998, following tuberculosis and leprosy. In Ghana, there have been over 2000 reported cases in the past decade, with outbreaks in 90 administrative districts, including Amansie West. The mode of transmission remains unclear, but research suggests water bugs may be involved. This study aimed to assess this transmission method by identifying potential water bug habitats using geospatial techniques. Water bugs are found to inhabit freshwater ponds, marshes, slow-moving pools, streams, and mats of vegetation. This study used the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) to locate water bodies and marshy areas, the Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI) to identify vegetation zones, and Land Surface Temperature (LST) to determine suitable areas for water bugs based on temperature. A spatial multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) pinpointed critical areas for Mycobacterium ulcerans-hosting water bugs, which were mainly located in illegal mining areas due to stagnant wastewater. Notably, 36 communities, including prominent ones like Manso Nkwanta and Pakyi Number 1 and 2, were situated within these critical zones. This study generated a geospatial distribution map highlighting the potential areas for Mycobacterium ulcerans-hosting water bugs in the Amansie West district, crucial for Buruli ulcer transmission. The study recommended improved environmental sanitation in the affected areas to combat this water bug-related health issue.
加纳阿曼西地区溃疡分枝杆菌水虫临界区空间分析
世界卫生组织(世卫组织)确认,由溃疡分枝杆菌(MU)引起的皮肤病布鲁里溃疡(BU)是1998年继结核病和麻风病之后第三大最流行的分枝杆菌疾病。在加纳,在过去十年中报告了2000多例病例,在包括西阿曼西在内的90个行政区暴发。传播方式尚不清楚,但研究表明可能与水虫有关。本研究旨在通过地理空间技术鉴定水虫的潜在栖息地来评估这种传播方式。水虫被发现栖息在淡水池塘、沼泽、缓慢移动的池塘、溪流和植被垫中。本研究利用归一化差水指数(NDWI)定位水体和沼泽区域,利用大气抗性植被指数(ARVI)识别植被带,利用地表温度(LST)基于温度确定水虫适宜生长区域。空间多准则评价(MCE)确定了溃疡分枝杆菌水虫孳生的关键区域,主要分布在污水淤积严重的非法采矿区。值得注意的是,36个社区,包括Manso Nkwanta和Pakyi 1号和2号等著名社区,位于这些关键区域内。该研究生成了一个地理空间分布图,突出了Amansie West地区溃疡分枝杆菌宿主水虫的潜在区域,这对布鲁里溃疡的传播至关重要。该研究建议改善受影响地区的环境卫生,以对抗这种与水虫有关的健康问题。
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