Public expenditure in education at all levels (primary, secondary, and higher) in Bhutan: A critical analysis

Jamba Sangay
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Abstract

This critical analysis delves into the allocation and utilization of public expenditure in education across all levels in Bhutan, including primary, secondary, and higher education. The study aims to provide valuable insights into how public funds are distributed and used within Bhutan's education system. By conducting this analysis, we seek to identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement in education funding and policy-making to enhance the overall effectiveness of public investment in education for the betterment of Bhutan's educational system and its citizens. The research employs a secondary data research method, allowing for an in-depth analysis of extensive datasets without the need for primary data collection. This method ensures efficiency and enables researchers to gain valuable insights into the education system and its funding. In 2015, public expenditure on education accounted for 25.5% of the total government expenditure in Bhutan. This marked a substantial increase from the previous year's figure of 17%. This is a positive trend that indicates a growing commitment to education. Expenditure in primary education increased significantly, rising from 32% in the previous year to 57% in 2015. This highlights the government's emphasis on foundational education, which is crucial for building a strong educational base. Expenditure per student in secondary education showed fluctuations, with a figure of 53.9% in 2014. However, there was an overall upward trend in expenditure per student from 1971 to 2014. This suggests that while secondary education is receiving attention, there may be room for more consistent funding. Tertiary education received 10.3% of the expenditure in 2014, although there were fluctuations in funding over the years. Ensuring adequate funding for tertiary education is crucial, as it plays a vital role in producing a skilled workforce that can contribute significantly to the nation's development. The analysis reveals that public spending on education as a percentage of GDP experienced fluctuations, with some years witnessing significant increases or decreases. Consistent education funding is vital for Bhutan's socioeconomic progress. This analysis emphasizes the need for stable investment in primary, secondary, and tertiary education. It highlights the evolving budget priorities and underscores education's critical role in Bhutan's development. Policymakers should use these findings toensuresustained and balanced education investment forlong-termprosperity.
不丹各级教育(小学、中学和高等教育)的公共支出:一项批判性分析
这一批判性分析深入研究了不丹各级教育公共支出的分配和利用情况,包括小学、中学和高等教育。这项研究的目的是为不丹的教育系统如何分配和使用公共资金提供有价值的见解。通过进行这一分析,我们试图确定教育资金和政策制定方面的优势、劣势和需要改进的领域,以提高公共教育投资的整体有效性,从而改善不丹的教育体系和公民。该研究采用二次数据研究方法,允许深入分析广泛的数据集,而不需要主要数据收集。这种方法确保了效率,并使研究人员能够对教育系统及其资助获得有价值的见解。2015年,不丹用于教育的公共支出占政府总支出的25.5%。这比前一年的17%有了大幅增长。这是一个积极的趋势,表明对教育的承诺日益增加。小学教育的支出大幅增加,从上一年的32%上升到2015年的57%。这凸显了政府对基础教育的重视,基础教育对建设强大的教育基础至关重要。中等教育的学生人均支出出现波动,2014年的数字为53.9%。然而,从1971年到2014年,每个学生的支出总体呈上升趋势。这表明,虽然中等教育正在受到关注,但可能还有更持续的资金空间。高等教育支出占2014年支出的10.3%,尽管多年来经费有所波动。确保高等教育获得足够的资金至关重要,因为它在培养能够为国家发展做出重大贡献的熟练劳动力方面发挥着至关重要的作用。分析显示,用于教育的公共支出占国内生产总值的百分比经历了波动,有些年份大幅增加或减少。持续的教育资金对不丹的社会经济进步至关重要。这一分析强调了对初等、中等和高等教育进行稳定投资的必要性。它突出了不断变化的预算优先事项,并强调了教育在不丹发展中的关键作用。政策制定者应该利用这些发现来确保可持续和平衡的教育投资,以实现长期繁荣。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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