The Other Relativism

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY
Larry Cahoone
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Relativism and discussions of the relativity of human judgment have played an important role in philosophy since the 1950s. Such claims are regarded by many as the enemy of realism, the view that human judgments can be valid with respect to their objects as those objects obtain independent of the judgments. Most relativisms assert the relativity of human judgment to some trait of the judge, hence are anthropic. But there is another kind: objective relativism. It was espoused by some of the American pragmatists of the early to mid-twentieth century. Their hope was that objective relativism was compatible with realism while avoiding dualism and idealism. It claimed things themselves are relative. The view eventually disappeared. This article examines this neglected doctrine, not to determine its truth, but its nature. What kind of theory was it, what could it claim to accomplish, and what could it not? Some of its proponents regarded it as a naturalistic metaphysics, but this is problematic. This topic is suggestive for the formulation of a naturalism that rejects physicalism yet is compatible with science and realism.
另一个相对主义
自20世纪50年代以来,相对主义和对人类判断相对性的讨论在哲学中发挥了重要作用。这种主张被许多人视为现实主义的敌人,现实主义认为,人类的判断可以对其对象有效,因为这些对象独立于判断而获得。大多数相对主义主张人的判断与法官的某些特性是相对性的,因此是人择的。但还有另一种:客观相对主义。20世纪早期到中期的一些美国实用主义者支持这种观点。他们的希望是客观相对主义与现实主义兼容,同时避免二元论和唯心主义。它声称事物本身是相对的。景色最终消失了。本文考察这个被忽视的学说,不是要确定它的真伪,而是要确定它的本质。这是一种什么样的理论,它能声称完成什么,又不能完成什么?它的一些支持者认为它是一种自然主义的形而上学,但这是有问题的。这个话题是对自然主义的提示性表述,它拒绝物理主义,但又与科学和现实主义兼容。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
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