Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children

Abstract

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) describe a category of neurodevelopmental disorders in which individuals experience difficulties of social interaction and age-appropriate play and struggle to establish healthy peer interactions at their stage of development. This study will address the various aspects of Autism in children including clinical symptoms, evaluation, diagnosis and widely used medication or care. Methodology: The search strategy involved utilizing two primary sources for obtaining relevant literature: Google Scholar and PubMed. The inclusion criteria comprised articles published in peer-reviewed journals, written in English, and focusing on ASD in children. Studies with diverse designs, including experimental, observational, and review studies, were considered. Results: While children with autism spectrum disorders share many characteristics with children that have other developmental disorders and can benefit from many of the same educational strategies, they pose specific challenges for families, teachers, and others who collaborate with them. A deficiency in non-verbal and verbal communication requires a great deal of effort and ability, including in teaching basic knowledge. Special challenges in social interaction (e.g.,joint attention) may require more individual instruction than most children to gain and retain their children’s attention. Furthermore, ordinary social interactions between peers do not typically take place without active preparation and ongoing adult structuring in the child’s environment. Conclusion: The lack of traditional friendships and peer relationships influences child motivation structures and the sense of experience. Adequate social experiences can be some of the most challenging and valuable lessons a child with autism spectrum disorders can learn. Keywords: ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders), QOL (Quality Of Life), neurodevelopmental conditions, PA (Physical Activity), DSM, ICD