Resentment and Polarization in Indonesia

IF 1.2 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY
Seth Soderborg, Burhanuddin Muhtadi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract Is political polarization in Indonesia here to stay? For years, scholarly consensus on partisanship in Indonesia viewed weak partisan identity, collusive party behavior, and the predominance of personality as features of a system that would prevent the emergence of deep polarization. In the wake of religious and ethnic mobilizations during three contentious elections, the question of whether polarization has come to Indonesia is increasingly salient. Where previous studies have focused on elite polarization, we focus on whether polarization has a mass base. Using an original, nationally representative survey of 1,520 Indonesian adults shortly before the 2019 election, we tested whether political preferences in Indonesia reflected any of four underlying sets of resentment—religious, anti-Chinese, anti-Java, or regional. We found links of varying strength between each of these resentments and political preferences. Analyzing the sources of resentments, we find evidence that different resentments may travel through different channels: religious resentment through organizational membership, anti-Chinese resentment through exposure to social media, regional resentment through awareness of regional resource disparities, and resentment of Java through having experienced the old politics of Java—Outer Islands conflict. These links between political affiliation and resentment suggest that polarization is here to stay, so long as politicians make use of real, underlying resentments.
印尼的怨恨和两极分化
印尼的政治两极分化会持续下去吗?多年来,学术界对印尼党派关系的共识是,党派认同薄弱、党派行为串通、个性占主导地位,这些都是防止深度两极分化出现的制度特征。在三次有争议的选举中出现了宗教和种族动员之后,印尼是否出现了两极分化的问题变得越来越突出。以往的研究关注的是精英极化,而我们关注的是极化是否有群众基础。在2019年大选前不久,我们对1520名印度尼西亚成年人进行了一项具有全国代表性的原始调查,测试了印度尼西亚的政治偏好是否反映了四种潜在怨恨中的任何一种——宗教、反华、反爪哇或地区。我们发现这些怨恨和政治偏好之间存在着不同程度的联系。分析怨恨的来源,我们发现有证据表明,不同的怨恨可能通过不同的渠道传播:宗教怨恨通过组织成员产生,反华怨恨通过接触社交媒体产生,区域怨恨通过意识到区域资源差距产生,对爪哇的怨恨通过经历爪哇-外岛冲突的旧政治而产生。政治派别和怨恨之间的这些联系表明,只要政客们利用真实的、潜在的怨恨,两极分化就会持续下去。
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来源期刊
Journal of East Asian Studies
Journal of East Asian Studies SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
15.40%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: Experts from around the globe come together in this important peer-reviewed forum to present compelling social science research on the entire East Asia region. Topics include democratic governance, military security, political culture, economic cooperation, human rights, and environmental concerns. Thought-provoking book reviews enhance each issue. Want more information information on Journal of East Asian Studies? Sign up for our E-Alerts for regular updates.
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