Racism, Stereotypes, and War

IF 4.8 1区社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

International Security Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1162/isec_a_00469

Jonathan Mercer

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract Racism systematically distorts policymakers’ analyses of their allies’ and adversaries’ capabilities, interests, and resolve, potentially leading to costly choices regarding war and peace. When policymakers hold racist beliefs, as they did in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), their beliefs influence how they explain and predict their allies’ and adversaries’ behaviors. Reliance on racist stereotypes leads policymakers to inaccurate assessments. An analysis of the relationship between stereotypes, reputations, and bigotry indicates that reputations easily become stereotypes—which is discomforting to anyone who bases policy decisions on another's reputation or encourages policymakers to do so. International security scholars have largely overlooked the role of racism, assuming rational choices on the part of policymakers. Research demonstrates that this assumption is wrong.

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种族主义、刻板印象和战争

种族主义系统性地扭曲了政策制定者对其盟友和对手的能力、利益和决心的分析，可能导致在战争与和平方面做出代价高昂的选择。当政策制定者持有种族主义信念时，就像他们在日俄战争(1904-1905)中所做的那样，他们的信念会影响他们如何解释和预测盟友和对手的行为。对种族主义刻板印象的依赖导致政策制定者做出不准确的评估。对刻板印象、声誉和偏见之间关系的分析表明，声誉很容易变成刻板印象——这让任何基于他人声誉或鼓励决策者这样做的人感到不安。国际安全学者在很大程度上忽视了种族主义的作用，假设政策制定者做出了理性的选择。研究表明，这种假设是错误的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Security Social Sciences-Law

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

10.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： International Security publishes lucid, well-documented essays on the full range of contemporary security issues. Its articles address traditional topics of war and peace, as well as more recent dimensions of security, including environmental, demographic, and humanitarian issues, transnational networks, and emerging technologies. International Security has defined the debate on US national security policy and set the agenda for scholarship on international security affairs for more than forty years. The journal values scholarship that challenges the conventional wisdom, examines policy, engages theory, illuminates history, and discovers new trends. Readers of IS discover new developments in: The causes and prevention of war U.S.-China relations Great power politics Ethnic conflict and intra-state war Terrorism and insurgency Regional security in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America U.S. foreign and defense policy International relations theory Diplomatic and military history Cybersecurity and defense technology Political economy, business, and security Nuclear proliferation.