Sociodemographic analysis of unbraced unbolted cripple wall retrofits in the City of Los Angeles

IF 3.1 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL
Henry V Burton, Sebastian Galicia Madero, Awa Kologo, Laxman Dahal, Sahar Derakhshan
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Abstract

Disparities in seismic risk mitigation programs can lead to uneven impacts during an earthquake and an increased burden on socially vulnerable and underserved communities. This article examines the extent to which the distribution of cripple wall retrofits in residential buildings (primarily one- and two-family units) located within the City of Los Angeles (LA), varies based on the sociodemographics of the affected populations. Utilizing multiple data sources including the LA Department of Building and Safety (LADBS) and LA Open Data Portal (LAOPD), a combination of spatial and statistical approaches are implemented at the regional, neighborhood, and census-tract scales. At each scale, the number of retrofitted buildings normalized by the total number of pre-1980 one- and two-family residential buildings (or retrofit rate) is the primary dependent variable. The effect of the Earthquake Brace and Bolt (EBB) program on the disparities in the retrofit rate distribution is also assessed. Despite having relatively older one- and two-family residential buildings, those neighborhoods with the highest representation of Black and Hispanic households are generally associated with lower retrofit rates. We also found that the neighborhoods with the lowest median income have retrofit rates that are less than the average for the entire City of LA. The rate among Black, Hispanic, and low-income households was found to increase significantly after the EBB program was instituted in 2013, suggesting that the initiative may have served as a mechanism to reduce the demographic and economic disparities in the cripple wall retrofits. However, to date, the average retrofit rate in the ten neighborhoods with the highest representation of Hispanic households is roughly one-third that of the rest of LA City.
洛杉矶市无支撑、无螺栓的残障墙改造的社会人口统计学分析
地震风险缓解方案的差异可能导致地震期间的影响不均衡,并增加社会弱势群体和服务不足社区的负担。本文考察了位于洛杉矶市(LA)的住宅建筑(主要是一户和两户住宅)中残废墙改造的分布程度,该分布根据受影响人口的社会人口统计数据而变化。利用包括洛杉矶建筑与安全局(LADBS)和洛杉矶开放数据门户(LAOPD)在内的多个数据源,在区域、社区和人口普查区尺度上实施了空间和统计方法的结合。在每个尺度上,经1980年前一户和两户住宅建筑总数归一化的改造建筑数量(或改造率)是主要的因变量。地震支撑和锚杆(EBB)方案对改造率分布差异的影响也进行了评估。尽管有相对较老的一户和两户住宅建筑,但黑人和西班牙裔家庭比例最高的社区,其翻新率通常较低。我们还发现,收入中位数最低的社区的改造率低于整个洛杉矶市的平均水平。研究发现,2013年实施EBB项目后,黑人、西班牙裔和低收入家庭的比例显著增加,这表明该项目可能已经成为一种机制,可以减少残障墙改造中的人口和经济差距。然而,到目前为止,拉美裔家庭最多的十个社区的平均改造率大约是洛杉矶其他地区的三分之一。
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来源期刊
Earthquake Spectra
Earthquake Spectra 工程技术-工程:地质
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
12.00%
发文量
88
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Earthquake Spectra, the professional peer-reviewed journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), serves as the publication of record for the development of earthquake engineering practice, earthquake codes and regulations, earthquake public policy, and earthquake investigation reports. The journal is published quarterly in both printed and online editions in February, May, August, and November, with additional special edition issues. EERI established Earthquake Spectra with the purpose of improving the practice of earthquake hazards mitigation, preparedness, and recovery — serving the informational needs of the diverse professionals engaged in earthquake risk reduction: civil, geotechnical, mechanical, and structural engineers; geologists, seismologists, and other earth scientists; architects and city planners; public officials; social scientists; and researchers.
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