Infarto agudo de miocardio prematuro con elevación del segmento ST: análisis de una cohorte en la década 2012-2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Premature infarction has a high socioeconomic impact and we lack contemporary studies that analyze the characteristics associated with its development and evolution. MATERIAL AND METHODS In an observational study on a retrospective cohort of patients younger than 46 years old, who had suffered from an infarction from June 2012 to June 2022, sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular and toxic risk factors, infarction characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunization data were investigated. Indeed, a one-year retrospective follow-up was performed through their electronic health record and results were compared with the ones reported in literature. RESULTS 12.1% of primary angioplasties corresponded to premature infarctions (103). Among classical risk factors, dyslipidemia and overweight stood out, while hypertension and diabetes incidence was significantly lower than the one reported in older population. The consumption of tobacco and other drugs (especially cannabis and cocaine) was higher than that reported at older ages. Twenty-seven patients had a family history of ischemic cardiopathy or sudden cardiac death, 27.2% (28) had complications during admission and mortality was 4.9% (5). No significant differences were identified between the patients who debuted with an event before or after the pandemic, except for a tendency to smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS Premature infarction is a rising pathology with considerable morbidity and mortality. Raising awareness about toxic habits and prevention of the classical risk factors are priority tasks in this setting.