Images of Betelgeuse with VLTI/MATISSE across the Great Dimming

Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI:10.1093/mnrasl/slad138

J Drevon, F Millour, P Cruzalèbes, C Paladini, P Scicluna, A Matter, A Chiavassa, M Montargès, E Cannon, F Allouche, K-H Hofmann, S Lagarde, B Lopez, A Meilland, R Petrov, S Robbe-Dubois, D Schertl, G Zins, P Ábrahám, P Berio, Th Henning, J Hron, J W Isbell, W Jaffe, L Labadie, J Varga, G Weigelt, J Woillez, R van Boekel, E Pantin, W C Danchi, A de Koter, V Gámez Rosas, M R Hogerheijde, J Leftley, P Stee, R Waters

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Abstract

ABSTRACT From Nov. 2019 to May 2020, the red supergiant star Betelgeuse experienced an unprecedented drop of brightness in the visible domain called the Great Dimming event (GDE). Large atmospheric dust clouds and large photospheric convective features are suspected to be responsible for it. To better understand the dimming event, we used mid-infrared long-baseline spectro-interferometric measurements of Betelgeuse taken with the Very Large Telescope Interferometer/Multi AperTure mid-Infrared SpectroScopic Experiment (VLTI/MATISSE) instrument before (Dec. 2018), during (Feb. 2020), and after (Dec. 2020) the GDE. We present data in the 3.98–4.15 µm range to cover SiO spectral features molecules as well as adjacent continuum. We have employed geometrical models, image reconstruction, as well as radiative transfer models to monitor the spatial distribution of SiO over the stellar surface. We find a strongly inhomogeneous spatial distribution of SiO that appears to be looking very different between our observing epochs, indicative of a vigorous activity in the stellar atmosphere. The contrast of our images is small in the pseudo-continuum for all epochs, implying that our MATISSE observations support both cold spot and dust cloud model.

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参宿四与VLTI/MATISSE穿越大暗的图像

从2019年11月到2020年5月，红超巨星参宿四在可见光域中经历了前所未有的亮度下降，称为大变暗事件(GDE)。大的大气尘埃云和大的光球对流特征被怀疑是造成这一现象的原因。为了更好地理解变暗事件，我们使用超大望远镜干涉仪/多孔径中红外光谱实验(VLTI/MATISSE)仪器在GDE之前(2018年12月)、期间(2020年2月)和之后(2020年12月)对参宿四进行了中红外长基线光谱干涉测量。我们提供了3.98-4.15µm范围内的数据，以覆盖SiO光谱特征分子以及相邻连续体。我们采用几何模型、图像重建和辐射传输模型来监测SiO在恒星表面的空间分布。我们发现SiO的空间分布极不均匀，在我们的观测时代之间看起来非常不同，这表明恒星大气中有强烈的活动。我们的图像在所有时代的伪连续体中对比度都很小，这意味着我们的MATISSE观测同时支持冷斑和尘埃云模型。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters Earth and Planetary Sciences-Space and Planetary Science

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

136

期刊介绍： For papers that merit urgent publication, MNRAS Letters, the online section of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, publishes short, topical and significant research in all fields of astronomy. Letters should be self-contained and describe the results of an original study whose rapid publication might be expected to have a significant influence on the subsequent development of research in the associated subject area. The 5-page limit must be respected. Authors are required to state their reasons for seeking publication in the form of a Letter when submitting their manuscript.