Linking Sky-plane Observations of Moving Objects

IF 3.3 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
John L. Tonry
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract The Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) observes the visible sky every night in search of dangerous asteroids. With four (soon five) sites ATLAS is facing new challenges for scheduling observations and linking detections to identify moving asteroids. Flexibility in coping with diverse observation sites and times of detections that can be linked is critical, as is optimization of observing time for coverage versus depth. We present new algorithms to fit orbits rapidly to sky-plane observations, and to test and link sets of detections to find the ones which belong to moving objects. The PUMA algorithm for fitting orbits to angular positions on the sky executes in about a millisecond, orders of magnitude faster than the methods currently in use by the community, without sacrifice in accuracy. The PUMA software should be generally useful to anyone who needs to test many sets of detections for consistency with a real orbit. The PUMALINK algorithm to find linkages among sets of detections has similarities to other approaches, notably HelioLinC, but it functions well at asteroid ranges of a small fraction of an astronomical unit. PUMALINK is fast enough to test 10 million possible tracklets against one another in a half hour of computer time. Candidate linkages are checked by the PUMA library to test that the detections correspond to a real orbit, even at close range, and the false alarm rate is manageable. Sky surveys that produce large numbers of detections from large numbers of exposures may find the PUMALINK software helpful. We present the results of tests of PUMALINK on three data sets which illustrate PUMALINK ’s effectiveness and economy: 2 weeks of all ATLAS detections over the sky, 2 weeks of special ATLAS opposition observations with long exposure time, and 2 weeks of simulated LSST asteroid observations. Detection probabilities of linkages must be traded against false alarm rate, but a representative choice for PUMALINK might be 90% detection probability for real objects while keeping the false alarm rate below 10% for a 100:1 population of false:real. Although optimization of the tradeoffs between detection probability, execution time, and false alarm rate is application specific and beyond the scope of this paper, we provide guidance on methods to distinguish false alarms from correct linkages of real objects.
连接移动物体的天空观测
摘要:小行星对地撞击最后预警系统(ATLAS)每天晚上对可见天空进行观测,寻找危险的小行星。ATLAS拥有4个(很快会有5个)观测点,正面临着安排观测和连接探测以识别移动小行星的新挑战。灵活应对不同的观测地点和可关联的探测时间至关重要,优化覆盖范围与深度的观测时间也至关重要。我们提出了新的算法来快速拟合轨道与天空平面观测,并测试和链接检测集,以找到属于运动物体的检测集。PUMA算法用于将轨道拟合到天空的角度位置,大约在一毫秒内执行,比目前社区使用的方法快了几个数量级,而不会牺牲精度。对于那些需要测试多组探测结果以确保与真实轨道的一致性的人来说,PUMA软件应该是非常有用的。PUMALINK算法用于寻找探测集合之间的联系,与其他方法有相似之处,尤其是HelioLinC,但它在小行星范围内的效果很好,只有一个天文单位的一小部分。PUMALINK的速度足够快,可以在半小时的计算机时间内测试1000万个可能的轨道。候选链接由PUMA库进行检查,以测试检测是否与真实轨道相对应,即使在近距离,并且误报警率是可控的。从大量曝光中产生大量探测的天空调查可能会发现PUMALINK软件很有帮助。我们给出了PUMALINK在三个数据集上的测试结果,说明了PUMALINK的有效性和经济性:2周的所有ATLAS天空探测,2周的长曝光时间的ATLAS特殊对日观测,以及2周的模拟LSST小行星观测。连杆的检测概率必须与虚警率进行权衡,但PUMALINK的代表性选择可能是真实物体的检测概率为90%,同时在假:真人口为100:1的情况下保持虚警率低于10%。虽然检测概率、执行时间和虚警率之间的权衡优化是特定于应用的,超出了本文的范围,但我们提供了区分虚警和真实对象正确连接的方法的指导。
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来源期刊
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
5.70%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP), the technical journal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP), has been published regularly since 1889, and is an integral part of the ASP''s mission to advance the science of astronomy and disseminate astronomical information. The journal provides an outlet for astronomical results of a scientific nature and serves to keep readers in touch with current astronomical research. It contains refereed research and instrumentation articles, invited and contributed reviews, tutorials, and dissertation summaries.
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