Chemical, Mineralogical and Mechanical Characterization of Ancient Roman Concrete and Mortar: A Review

IF 2.3 3区工程技术 0 ARCHITECTURE

International Journal of Architectural Heritage Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI:10.1080/15583058.2023.2256259

Karla Cuevas, David Wendland, Frank Winnefeld, Dietmar Stephan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACTRoman concrete is one of the most fascinating materials ever invented by humankind. Understanding the historical context and details of the production of ancient Roman concrete (ARC) is necessary to comprehend its nature. Recently, the interest in researching ARC has grown considerably, leading to several projects to describe its production. Remarkable properties were attributed to ARC, with durability emerging as one of the most relevant but also the most misunderstood. The reasons for the durability of Roman structures are still under investigation, and various hypotheses have linked its durability to the microstructure, or its chemical and mineralogical composition. In this literature review, historical facts contextualize ARC and detail the specific materials and methods used for production. It also becomes clear that the chemical, mineralogical, and mechanical characterization of ARC has begun to link research from different disciplines, providing an overview of this material, and exploring some of the unexplained facts that could potentially improve today’s concrete technology.KEYWORDS: Ancient Romeconcretedurabilitymicrostructurepozzolanic mortars AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thekla Schulz-Brize for providing images to complement this work.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst; Funding programme/-ID: (57552340) Research Grants—Doctoral Programmes in Germany, 2021/22.

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古罗马混凝土和砂浆的化学、矿物学和力学特性综述

摘要:混凝土是人类发明的最迷人的材料之一。了解古罗马混凝土(ARC)生产的历史背景和细节对于理解其本质是必要的。最近，人们对研究ARC的兴趣大大增加，导致了几个描述其生产的项目。卓越的性能归功于ARC，耐久性是最重要的，但也是最容易被误解的。罗马建筑经久耐用的原因仍在调查中，各种各样的假设将其耐久性与微观结构或化学和矿物组成联系起来。在这篇文献综述中，历史事实将ARC置于背景下，并详细介绍了用于生产的具体材料和方法。很明显，ARC的化学、矿物学和力学特性已经开始将不同学科的研究联系起来，提供了这种材料的概述，并探索了一些无法解释的事实，这些事实可能会改善当今的混凝土技术。关键词:古罗马;混凝土;耐久性;微观结构;舒尔茨奖(kla schulz - prize):为这项工作提供补充图片。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。本研究由德国科学院(Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst)资助;资助项目/-ID:(57552340) 2021/22年度德国博士研究生研究资助项目。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Architectural Heritage 工程技术-工程：土木

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

12.50%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： International Journal of Architectural Heritage provides a multidisciplinary scientific overview of existing resources and modern technologies useful for the study and repair of historical buildings and other structures. The journal will include information on history, methodology, materials, survey, inspection, non-destructive testing, analysis, diagnosis, remedial measures, and strengthening techniques. Preservation of the architectural heritage is considered a fundamental issue in the life of modern societies. In addition to their historical interest, cultural heritage buildings are valuable because they contribute significantly to the economy by providing key attractions in a context where tourism and leisure are major industries in the 3rd millennium. The need of preserving historical constructions is thus not only a cultural requirement, but also an economical and developmental demand. The study of historical buildings and other structures must be undertaken from an approach based on the use of modern technologies and science. The final aim must be to select and adequately manage the possible technical means needed to attain the required understanding of the morphology and the structural behavior of the construction and to characterize its repair needs. Modern requirements for an intervention include reversibility, unobtrusiveness, minimum repair, and respect of the original construction, as well as the obvious functional and structural requirements. Restoration operations complying with these principles require a scientific, multidisciplinary approach that comprehends historical understanding, modern non-destructive inspection techniques, and advanced experimental and computer methods of analysis.