Evolutionary Relationship between Sunspot Groups and Soft X-Ray Flares over Solar Cycles 21–25

IF 4.8 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Jiaqi 家琪 Lin 林, Feng 锋 Wang 王, Linhua 林华 Deng 邓, Hui 辉 Deng 邓, Ying 盈 Mei 梅, Xiaojuan 小娟 Zhang 张
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Abstract

Abstract Studying the interaction between solar flares and sunspot groups (SGs) is crucial for understanding and predicting solar activity. We examined the distribution, correlation, and flaring rates in the northern and southern hemispheres to reveal the relationship between different classes of soft X-ray (SXR) flares and different magnetic classifications of SGs. We discovered a significant north–south asymmetry in SXR flares and SG distribution over Solar Cycles (SC) 21–25. In the rising phase of SC24, the northern hemisphere’s activity is significantly excessive. In the declining phase of SC24, the southern hemisphere’s activity becomes significantly excessive. The total numbers of various SXR flares and SGs vary between the northern and southern hemispheres over the solar cycle. B-class flares are negatively correlated with all SGs at maximum but positively correlated at minimum. C-class flares correlate best with α and β SGs. M-class flares correlate best with β γ δ and β SGs. X-class flares correlate highest with β γ δ SGs. The flaring rate of each flare class is lowest for α SGs and highest for β γ δ SGs. The flaring rates are higher in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere. Our results demonstrate that solar flares originate from different sources of solar active regions; the high-energy flares tend to be caused by more complex magnetic fields.
太阳活动周期21-25的太阳黑子群与软x射线耀斑的演化关系
摘要研究太阳耀斑与黑子群之间的相互作用对于理解和预测太阳活动具有重要意义。我们研究了南北半球的分布、相关性和耀斑率,以揭示不同类型的软x射线(SXR)耀斑与不同磁分类的SGs之间的关系。我们发现在太阳周期(SC) 21-25期间,SXR耀斑和SG分布具有明显的南北不对称性。在SC24上升阶段,北半球活动明显过度。在SC24的衰退期,南半球的活动明显过度。在太阳活动周期中,南北半球的各种SXR耀斑和SGs的总数是不同的。b级耀斑与所有SGs最大负相关,最小正相关。c级耀斑与α和β SGs的相关性最好。m级耀斑与β γ δ和β SGs的相关性最好。x级耀斑与β γ δ SGs的相关性最高。α SGs的燃烧速率最低,β γ δ SGs的燃烧速率最高。南半球的燃除率高于北半球。结果表明,太阳耀斑起源于太阳活动区的不同来源;高能耀斑往往是由更复杂的磁场引起的。
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来源期刊
Astrophysical Journal
Astrophysical Journal 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
30.60%
发文量
2854
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Astrophysical Journal is the foremost research journal in the world devoted to recent developments, discoveries, and theories in astronomy and astrophysics.
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