Identification and understanding association of differentially expressed RNA in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma, sometimes referred to as kidney cancer, is a condition in which kidney cells develop into malignant (cancerous) tumours and expand rapidly. One of the 20 most prevalent malignancies in both male and female is kidney cancer (GLOBOCAN 2020). The risk of developing kidney cancer in the male population is about 1/46 (2.02%) and for women, it is about 1/80 (1.03%). Renal cancer is significantly easier to identify when the disease hallmarks are properly understood, boosting the likelihood of overall survival rates among patients. One of the key factors for promoting or inhibiting the renal cancer associated pathways is messenger RNA. Messenger RNAs are single stranded RNA coding protein formation and also influence their regulation. Differentially expressed RNAs are the genes which have a significant correlation with their coding protein. Hence, analysis of the differentially expressed RNAs linked with kidney cancer is required to understand their significance in the underlying biogenesis of cancer tumorigenesis. To identify all the differentially expressed RNAs, microarray analysis technique was used which is an efficient tool to carry out simultaneous evaluation of hundreds of genes' expression. By physically printing DNA sequence information encoding RNA for specific genes onto microarray "chips," it is feasible to detect the quantity of each RNA molecule in a biological sample. Using the data from microarray analysis in GEO2R, differentially expressed RNAs are retrieved and categorized according to their regulation. Enrichr is used to analyse these differentially expressed RNAs and identify their role in different signalling pathways, biological functions, cellular elements and molecular activities. The results from this comprehensive in silico platform shall aid in a novel understanding of the DEGs involved in cancer pathways which can further be utilized in an experimental setup. Hence, this study will help in better understanding of the role and expression of the differentially expressed RNAs in renal cell carcinoma.