Molecular genetic subtypes of bladder cancer

Abstract

Introduction. Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common oncological diseases with many relapses and progressions, which requires more and more new ways to solve this problem. Objective. To analyse of existing data on the molecular and genetic features of BCa classification based on them, assessment of the possibility of its introduction into clinical practice as a criterion for recurrence and progression. Materials & methods. We analysed the data of studies on molecular subtypes of BCa published in PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library of Russia (eLibrary), Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, websites of professional associations. We searched the following keywords: "molecular subtypes of bladder cancer", "non-muscle invasive bladder cancer", "molecular subtypes of bladder cancer" "non-muscle invasive bladder cancer". The paper focuses on the current classifications and the April 2020 consensus, which can be universal and applied in everyday practice. Results. During the analysis of the obtained data, it was revealed that the molecular and genetic heterogeneity of BCa is reflected not only in the proteins expressed on tumor cells, but also in the response to treatment and prognosis of the disease. Conclusion. Molecular and genetic markers seem promising for introduction into wide clinical practice to adjust treatment and assess the risks of recurrence and progression.