A tri-level programming-based frequency regulation market equilibrium under cyber attacks

IF 8.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI:10.1186/s41601-023-00332-8

Ying Wang, Chunyu Chen, Sen Zhang, Yilong Liu, Chongxin Huang, Yuxin Du

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract Owing to their flexibility and rapid response, grid-connected distributed energy resources (DERs) are wielding growing influence in frequency regulation markets (FRMs). Nevertheless, compared with conventional large-scale generators, small-scale DERs are usually weakly shielded by cyber security measures. This offers attackers the opportunity of disrupting the clearing and settlement of FRMs by manipulating the bid information of DERs. In this paper, the frequency regulation market equilibrium is studied considering the dynamic gaming between attackers and defenders, both of which need the knowledge of FRMs for their interventions. Specifically, a tri-level programming model characterizing the attacker–defender–operator (ADO) interdiction problem in FRMs is developed and then analyzed using a column and constraint generation algorithm, thereby achieving market equilibrium representing the defender's best response to the attacker. The defense strategy in the market equilibrium can attenuate the negative influence of cyber attacks upon the FRMs to the maximum extent. Finally, based on the operating rules of the California Independent System Operator, the FRM process considering the ADO interdiction is simulated and the numerical equilibrium results are presented.

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网络攻击下基于三电平规划的频率调节市场均衡

摘要并网分布式能源以其灵活性和快速响应能力，在频率调节市场中发挥着越来越大的作用。然而，与传统的大型发电机相比，小型der通常受到网络安全措施的保护较弱。这为攻击者提供了通过操纵DERs的出价信息来破坏frm清算和结算的机会。本文考虑攻击者和防御者之间的动态博弈，研究频率调节市场均衡，攻击者和防御者都需要frm的知识进行干预。具体地说，建立了表征FRMs中攻击者-防御者-操作员(ADO)拦截问题的三层规划模型，并使用列约束生成算法对其进行了分析，从而实现了代表防御者对攻击者的最佳响应的市场均衡。市场均衡下的防御策略可以最大程度地减弱网络攻击对企业的负面影响。最后，基于加州独立系统算子的操作规则，对考虑ADO拦截的FRM过程进行了仿真，并给出了数值平衡结果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems Multiple-

CiteScore

20.10

自引率

8.20%

发文量

审稿时长

4 weeks

期刊介绍： Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems (PCMP) is the first international modern power system protection and control journal originated in China. The journal is dedicated to presenting top-level academic achievements in this field and aims to provide a platform for international researchers and engineers, with a special focus on authors from China, to maximize the papers' impact worldwide and contribute to the development of the power industry. PCMP is sponsored by Xuchang Ketop Electrical Research Institute and is edited and published by Power System Protection and Control Press. PCMP focuses on advanced views, techniques, methodologies, and experience in the field of protection and control of modern power systems to showcase the latest technological achievements. However, it is important to note that the journal will cease to be published by SpringerOpen as of 31 December 2023. Nonetheless, it will continue in cooperation with a new publisher.