The effect of color on short-term memory performance

Yulia A. Griber, Alexey A. Delov
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is justified by new trends in modern education, namely, active introduction of innovative technologies and solutions to expand opportunities and improve the quality of education. In the context of educational improvements, the focus is on searching for advanced techniques that can increase the efficiency of cognitive processing of educational information and facilitate memorization of educational material. The study aims to assess the impact that various conditions of color stimulation have on short-term verbal memory indicators (capacity, memorization efficiency, trajectories and successful learning of vocabulary items). Methods. The study involved 53 participants (15 male and 38 female) aged 18-36 years (average age 20.5 years, SD = 3.59). Short-term memory indicators were measured with the help of ten-word memorization technique and a test for memorizing numerical series. The color stimuli of the experiment included the focal colors of the 27 most popular categories among Russian speakers, the coordinates of which were determined in the CIELAB system. To develop and conduct the experiment, the HTC VIVE PRO Eye virtual reality system was used, which allowed demonstrating the experimental stimuli on the helmet screens and simultaneously record eye movements. Results. Memory span averaged 5.6±1.5 and was higher among the participants who saw dark and red-violet hues and lower among those who looked at swamp green and green stimuli. The highest efficiency coefficients for memorizing words were recorded in cases with black (median = 0.87) and dark purple (median = 0.84) color stimulation. When memorizing numerical series, the maximum coefficient was for saturated hues – red, green and fuchsia (median = 0.86). Successful memorization averaged 7.7±1.8 and reached the maximum (10) in cases with exposure to primary basic colors – black, green and blue, as well as non-primary turquoise and crimson. Cluster data analysis showed that memory indicators are most similar for the stimuli that are comparable in their impact on pupil diameter, blinking frequency and dynamics of gaze direction, namely, for light warm hues; dark hues; rich stimuli from the warm part of the color spectrum; light purple hues; red and gray-green hues. Discussion. As in previous studies, certain indicators of short-term memory were higher under the influence of ‘warm’ stimuli compared to ‘cold’ ones, but the present study did not confirm the advantage of achromatic colors compared to chromatic ones. The experiment revealed that changes in memory parameters correlate not only with the tone of color stimuli but also with their other characteristics, primarily with lightness and saturation. Conclusion. The results of this study can be applied used in educational practice to develop effective ways of improving memory performance and of memorizing information using color. Further research should regard possible gender, age and cross-cultural differences.
颜色对短期记忆表现的影响
介绍。现代教育的新趋势证明了研究课题的相关性,即积极引入创新技术和解决方案,以扩大机会并提高教育质量。在教育改进的背景下,重点是寻找能够提高教育信息认知加工效率和促进教育材料记忆的先进技术。本研究旨在评估不同颜色刺激条件对短期言语记忆指标(词汇容量、记忆效率、轨迹和成功学习)的影响。方法。该研究涉及53名参与者(15名男性,38名女性),年龄在18-36岁之间(平均年龄20.5岁,SD = 3.59)。采用十字记忆法和数列记忆法测量短期记忆指标。实验的颜色刺激包括俄语使用者中最受欢迎的27个类别的焦点色,其坐标由CIELAB系统确定。为了开发和进行实验,使用了HTC VIVE PRO Eye虚拟现实系统,该系统可以在头盔屏幕上展示实验刺激,同时记录眼球运动。结果。记忆广度平均为5.6±1.5,看到深色和红紫色刺激的参与者的记忆广度更高,看到沼泽绿色和绿色刺激的参与者的记忆广度更低。记忆单词的效率系数在黑色(中位数= 0.87)和深紫色(中位数= 0.84)刺激下最高。在记忆数值序列时,系数最大的是饱和色调——红色、绿色和紫红色(中位数= 0.86)。成功的记忆平均为7.7±1.8,在接触原色——黑色、绿色和蓝色,以及非原色的绿松石色和深红色的情况下达到了最大值(10)。聚类数据分析表明,对瞳孔直径、眨眼频率和注视方向动态的影响具有可比性的刺激的记忆指标最为相似,即浅暖色调;黑暗的色调;丰富的刺激来自暖色光谱的部分;浅紫色;红色和灰绿色调。讨论。与之前的研究一样,在“温暖”刺激下,短期记忆的某些指标比“寒冷”刺激下更高,但目前的研究并没有证实消色差比彩色强。实验表明,记忆参数的变化不仅与颜色刺激的色调有关,还与它们的其他特征有关,主要是亮度和饱和度。结论。本研究的结果可应用于教育实践中,以开发有效的方法来提高记忆性能和利用颜色记忆信息。进一步的研究应考虑到可能存在的性别、年龄和跨文化差异。
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来源期刊
Perspektivy Nauki i Obrazovania
Perspektivy Nauki i Obrazovania Arts and Humanities-Philosophy
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
162
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