BIODIVERSITY BENEFITS OF SCALING UP MARINE ECO-ENGINEERING

Melanie Bishop, Maria Vozzo, Mariana Mayer-Pinto, Katherine Dafforn
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Abstract

Marine construction is a growing source of biodiversity loss in our oceans. The ecological impacts of marine constructions arise both from their destruction and degradation of natural habitats, but also their flat and often featureless surfaces, which provide little protection to marine life from predation and environmental stressors (Bulleri, Chapman 2010; Airoldi et al. 2005). The net effect is loss of native biodiversity, and spread of pest species. Marine “eco-engineering” seeks to mitigate some of these impacts by co-designing marine constructions for humans and nature (Chapman et al. 2018). Small-scale experiments indicate benefits to biodiversity of adding complex surface geometries to marine built structures (Strain et al. 2018, 2020). However, there are few examples where habitat complexity has been added to marine constructions at scale. We assessed the biodiversity benefits of adding habitat complexity to seawalls at scales of tens of meters, We also compared the efficacy of different types of habitat complexity in benefiting biodiversity.
扩大海洋生态工程的生物多样性效益
海洋建设日益成为海洋生物多样性丧失的一个原因。海洋建筑对生态的影响不仅来自其对自然栖息地的破坏和退化,还来自其平坦且通常没有特征的表面,这些表面对海洋生物免受捕食和环境压力的保护作用很小(Bulleri, Chapman 2010;Airoldi等人,2005)。净影响是本地生物多样性的丧失和有害物种的传播。海洋“生态工程”试图通过共同设计人类和自然的海洋建筑来减轻其中的一些影响(Chapman et al. 2018)。小规模实验表明,在海洋建筑结构中添加复杂的表面几何形状对生物多样性有好处(Strain et al. 2018,2020)。然而,很少有大规模地将栖息地复杂性添加到海洋建筑中的例子。我们在数十米尺度上评估了增加生境复杂性对海堤生物多样性的益处,并比较了不同类型生境复杂性对生物多样性的益处。
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