HIV AND SYPHILIS CO-INFECTION IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL: A GENDER ASSESSMENT

Jéssica Menezes Gomes Melo, Luiz Cláudio Arraes de Alencar, Edvaldo Da Silva Souza
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Abstract

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis co-infection is highly common, especially in Brazil, which recorded a high number of cases in 2020. Due to its high prevalence and morbidity, this study aimed to determine the frequency and the clinical-epidemiological profile of HIV and syphilis co-infection between genders in specialized care services in Northeast Brazil. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with secondary data from 171 individuals with HIV and syphilis co-infection. Data were collected in a reference center for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Northeast Brazil from 2015 to 2020. Welch’s test compared the means of independent samples; the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test assessed the association between categoric variables. The significance level was set at 5%. This study has ethical approval. Results: The HIV and syphilis co-infection frequency was 15.4%. Individuals with co-infection had a mean age of 34.2 (± 11.0) years and were predominantly men. The women sample started their sex life earlier, had a lower education level and per capita family income, used more illicit drugs, and were mostly heterosexual, married or in a stable union, and unemployed. Men had more anal sex. Moreover, most individuals had syphilis in the asymptomatic phase and HIV with undetectable viral load; CD4 T cells were greater than 350 cells/mm³. Conclusion: The high prevalence of HIV and syphilis co-infection in specialized care services, especially in MSM, highlights the need to improve counseling to reduce sexual risk behavior and improve prevention and care strategies to control these diseases.
巴西东北部艾滋病毒和梅毒合并感染:性别评估
人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和梅毒合并感染非常常见,特别是在巴西,该国在2020年记录了大量病例。由于其高流行率和发病率,本研究旨在确定巴西东北部专业护理服务中性别间HIV和梅毒合并感染的频率和临床流行病学概况。方法:对171例HIV和梅毒合并感染患者进行了一项分析性横断面研究。数据收集于2015 - 2020年巴西东北部获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)参考中心。韦尔奇检验比较了独立样本的均值;卡方检验和费雪精确检验评估了分类变量之间的关联。显著性水平设为5%。这项研究得到了伦理上的批准。结果:HIV与梅毒合并感染发生率为15.4%。合并感染个体平均年龄为34.2(±11.0)岁,以男性为主。女性样本开始性生活的时间较早,受教育程度和人均家庭收入较低,使用违禁药物较多,大多数是异性恋,已婚或有稳定的伴侣,失业。男性有更多的肛交。此外,大多数人在无症状期患有梅毒,HIV病毒载量无法检测;CD4 T细胞≥350个/mm³。结论:艾滋病毒和梅毒合并感染在专业护理服务中,特别是在男男性接触者中高发,需要加强咨询以减少性危险行为,改进预防和护理策略以控制这些疾病。
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